| A | B |
|---|
| Mitosis | the process of the division of the cell nucleus |
| Cytokinesis | the process of the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells |
| Chromatid | one of two identical "sisters" of a duplicated chromosome |
| Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of coiled DNA around proteins |
| Centromere | area where sister chromatids are attached |
| Interphase | period of the Cell Cycle between divisions |
| Cell Cycle | series of events during the life of a cell as it grows and divides |
| Centrioles | tiny organelles used in cell division to reel in spindle fibers |
| Spindle Fiber | fan-like microtuble protein structure that helps move chromosomes during mitosis |
| Prophase | First/longest phase of mitosis; chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down, centrioles move to position, spindle fibers form and attach to centrioles and centromeres |
| Metaphase | second step of mitosis; chromosomes moved to the middle/equator of the cell |
| Anaphase | Third phase of mitosis; chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell |
| Telophase | fourth and final step of mitosis; nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes uncoil into chromatin |
| Meiosis | the process of cell division in which four haploid gametes are formed |
| Homologous | two chromosomes that code for the same genes; one from each parent |
| Diploid | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes; the full genetic code for an organism |
| Haploid | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes; half of the genes needed to code for an organism |
| Tetrad | structure of four chromatids (two homologous sister chromatids) in meiosis |
| Crossing-Over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids (genetic information) during Prophase 1 of Meiosis |
| G1 (Interphase) | the first step of Interphase; Cell growth and cell processes occur |
| S (Interphase) | the second step of Interphase; Chromosomes are duplicated into sister chromatids to prepare for cellular division |
| G2 (Interphase) | the third step of Interphase; the cell prepares for division |
| Gamete | specialized cell formed for sexual reproduction |
| Daughter Cells | the two identical cells resulting from mitosis |
| Somatic Cells | cells of the body |
| Spermatogenesis | the formation of sperm cells |
| Oogenesis | the formation of an ovum (egg) |
