| A | B |
|---|
| heat | the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a difference in temperature |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point |
| absolute zero | a temperature of 0 kelvins |
| thermal expansion | the increase in volume of a material when its temperature increases |
| specific heat | the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree celsius |
| calorimeter | instrument used to measure thermal energy released or absorbed during a chemical or physical change |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal with no overall transfer of matter, within a material or between materials that or touching |
| thermal conductor | a material that conducts thermal energy well |
| thermal insulator | a material that conducts thermal energy well |
| convection | the transfer if thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another |
| convection current | circulation of a fluid in a loop as the fluid alternately heats up and cools down |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by waves moving through space |
| thermodynamics | the study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy |
| heat engine | any device that converts thermal energy into work |
| waste heat | thermal energy discharged into an area at a lower temperature without being converted into useful work |
| external combustion engine | a heat engine in which the fuel burns outside the engine |
| internal combustion engine | a heat engine in which the fuel burns inside the engine |
| central heating system | a heating system that heats many rooms from one central location |
| heat pump | a device that uses work to transfer thermal energy from a colder area to a warmer area |
| refrigerant | a fluid that vaporizes and condenses inside the tubing of a heat pump |
