| A | B |
|---|
| immigrant | One who enters and becomes established in a country other than that of their original nationality |
| Nativisim | Hostility toward immigrants |
| Ethnic | relatin to large groups of people classed according to commonracial, national tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background |
| Ellis Island | An island in New York harbor that was an entry point for immigrants coming to the United States between 1892 and 1854 |
| Angel Island | An island in the San Francisco Bay that was an entry point for many Asian immigrants to the United States beginning in 1910 |
| Old immigrants | immigrants who came to the United States before the 1880's; most were from Northern Europe |
| New immigrants | immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880; most were from southern and eastern Europe |
| Steerage | Area in the ship's lower levels;many immigrants who came to the United States traveled in this less-expensive space |
| Benevolent Society | An aid organization set up by residents of a community to help its immigrants |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Law that banned Chinese immigrants fro 10 years declaring that no Chinese people already in the United States could become citizens |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | Pact made between the US and Japan in which Japan agreed to limit immigration to the US, and in exchange President Roosevelt agreed to put pressure on the city of San Francisco to rescind an order that forced children of Japanese parents to attend segregated schools |
| Literacy Test | A test that determines a person's ability to read |
| Settlement House | Neighborhood center staffed by professionals and volunteers for education, recreation, and social activities in poor areas |
| Social Gospel | The idea that religious faith should be expressed through good works |
| Suburbs | Residential neighborhoods surrounding the city |
| Skyscraper | a very tall building |
| Tenement | Multifamily apartments, usually dark, crowded, and barely meeting minimum living standards |
| Political Machine | An organization linked to a plitical party that often controlled local government |
| Party Boss | The person in control of a political machine |
| Graft | The acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician |
| Gross National Product | The total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year |
| Laissez-Faire | Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy |
| Entrepreneur | One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise |
| Land Grant | A grant of land by the federal government especially for roads, railroads, or agricultural colleges |
| Corporation | An organization that is authorized by law to carry on an activity but treated as though it were a single person |
| Stock | Money or capital invested or avaliable for investment or trading |
| Vertical Integration | The combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one corporation |
| Horizontal Integration | combining of many firms engaged in the the same type of business into one corporation |
| Monopoly | Total control of a type of industry by one person or one company |
| Trust | A combination of firms or corporations formed by legal agreement, especially to reduce competition |
| Holding company | A company whose primary business owns a controlling shares of stock in other companies |
| Consumer | A person who buys what is produced by an economy |
| Patents | Exclusive rights to manufacture or sell inventions |
