| A | B |
|---|
| TEXTURE | The size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains. |
| GRAIN | A particle of mineral or other rock that gives a rock texture. |
| IGNEOUS ROCK | A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. |
| SEDIMENTARY ROCK | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. |
| METAMORPHIC ROCK | A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| EXTRUSIVE ROCK | Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface. |
| BASALT | A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust. |
| INTRUSIVE ROCK | Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| GRANITE | A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust. |
| PORPHYRITIC TEXTURE | An igneous rock texture in which large crystals are scattered on a background of much smaller crystals. |
| SILICA | A material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; silica is found in magma. |
| SEDIMENT | Small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms, which are moved by water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition. |
| EROSION | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. |
| DEPOSITION | The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it, and is deposited in a new location. |
| COMPACTION | The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight. |
| CEMENTATION | The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass. |
| CLASTIC ROCK | Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure. |
| ORGANIC ROCK | Sedimentary rock that is formed where remains of organisms are deposited in thick layers. |
| CHEMICAL ROCK | Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution. |
| CORAL REEF | A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water. |
| ATOLL | A ring-shaped coral island found far from land. |
| FOLIATED | Term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands. |
| ROCK CYCLE | A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another. |
| BATHOLITH | A large mass of igneous rock exposed by erosion at Earth's surface. |
| CEMENTATION | the process by which minerals precipitate out of solution to fill the spaces between sand grains, pebbles, or other rock particles and bind the fragments together. |
| DEFORM | A term describing the change in shape of a rock caused by heat of friction, stress, and pressure. |
| FELSIC | A type of magma rich in silica that forms light-colored igneous rock containing minerals such as quartz and feldspars. |
| FOSSIL | The remains, impression, or any other evidence of a life from another geologic age preserved in rock. |
| MAFIC | Type of magma rich in iron and magnesium and low in silica; forms dark-colored igneous rock containing minerals such as hornblende, augite, and biotite. |
| MAGMA | The hot molten rock that forms beneath Earth's surface. |
| METAMORPHISM | The process by which a rock's structure or composition is changed by pressure, heat, and moisture. |
| PARENT ROCK | The original material that forms a metamorphic rock. |
| PLUTON | Intrusion of magma into Earth's crust, creating igneous rock formations such as dikes, sills, laccoliths, volcanic necks, and batholiths. |
| ROCK | A naturally formed group of minerals bound together; can consist largely of one mineral or several different minerals in varying quantities. |
| STRATIFICATION | The arrangement of layers of sedimentary rock. |
