| A | B |
|---|
| bone marrow | material in the cavity of bones where blood cell formation takes place |
| mandible | jaw bone |
| cervical vertebrae | neck bones(7) |
| thoracic vertebrae | bones of back that articulate withthe ribs(12) |
| lumbar vertebrae | bones of the lower back(5) |
| sacrum | triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones |
| coccyx | tail bone |
| clavicle | collarbone |
| scapula | shoulder bone |
| sternum | breastbone |
| humerus | proximal arm bone |
| ulna and radius | distal arm bones (forearm) |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | hand bones |
| phalanges | finger and toe bones |
| pelvis | hip bone |
| femur | proximal leg bone |
| tibia and fibula | distal leg bones |
| patella | knee cap |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| calcaneous | heel bone |
| metatarsals | foot bones |
| meniscus | cartilage found only in the knees |
| cartilage (articular) | smooth layer of tissue covering the contacting surfaces of the bones in a joint |
| intervertebral disk | cartilage pads between the vertebrae |
| synovia | fluid found in joint cavities |
| bursa | fluid filled sac that aids in joint movement |
| ligament | fibrous band that connects one bone to another |
| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone |
| skeletal muscle | attached to bones and make body movement possible (AKA voluntary muscle) |
| abduction | when the extremity move away from the midline |
| adduction | when the extremity move toward the midline |
| extension | movement into a straight(anatomical) position |
| flexion | movement into a bent position |
| pronation | turn palm downward |
| supination | turn palm upward |
| arthritis | inflammation of a joint |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| fibromyalgia | disorder more common in women presents with widespread pain in muscles, fatique, and sleep disturbance |
| kyphosis | forward curvature of the thoracic spine(hunchback) |
| lordosis | backward curvature of the lumbar spine(swayback) |
| myeloma | malignant tumor of bone marrow |
| osteoarthritis(OA) | inflammation of bone at the joint |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation secondary to bacterial infection of the bone tissue and bone marrow |
| polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| scoliosis | condition of lateral curvature of the spine |
| tendonitis | inflammation of the tendon |
| hallux valgus | abnormal prominence of the first metatarsophalangeal joint(AKA bunion) |
| carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) | entrapment of the median nerve resulting in pain, weakness and numbing(parastesia) in portions of the hand |
| colles fracture | complete fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement of the wrist and hand |
| gout | inflammatory arthritis secondary to urate crystals deposited in the joints, usually the 1st MTP joint |
| herniated nucleus pulposus(HNP) | rupture, or bulge of a portion of the intervertebral disk |
| lyme disease | infection by a microorganism transmitted by the deer tick can cause flulike symptoms and permanent joint damage |
| plantar fasciitis | imflammation of the fascia that attaches to the calcaneous forming the plantar surface (arch) of the foot |
| muscular dystrophy | congenital disorder characterized by degeneration of muscles |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
| rheumatoid arthritis(RA) | inflammation of joint tissue secondary to an autoimmune reaction |
| arthrocentesis | aspiration of joint fluid |
| arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint |
| diskectomy | excision of an intervertebral disk |
| craniotomy | incision of the skull for brain surgery |
| laminectomy | excision of a portion of the vertebrae(lamina) |
| meniscectomy | excision of the meniscus |
| arthrogram | X ray imaging of a joint |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of internal structures of the joint |
| electromyogram(EMG) | record of the electrical activity through the skeletal muscle |
| bone densitometry | measuring the density of the bone |
| Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) | method of imaging used to visualize soft tissue of the joints |
| computed tomography(CT) | method of imaging that shows details of the bone |
| crepitus | the cracking noise heard when two bones rub |
| orthopedics(ortho) | study and treatment of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system |
| prosthesis | an artificial body part |
| atrophy | without development |
| hypertrophy | excessive development |
| intercostal | between the ribs |
| dyskinesia | difficult movement |
| arthralgia | pain in the joint |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| intervertebral | pertaining to between the vertebrae |
| lumbar | pertaining to the low back |
| myalgia | pain in muscle |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| substernal | pertaining to under the sternum |
| orthopedist | physician who treats muskuloskeletal disorders |
| rheumatologist | physician who treats immune system disorders |
