| A | B |
|---|
| cerebrum | controls skeletal muscles, interprets general senses |
| cerebellum | controls coordination and balance |
| medulla | controls respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure |
| cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) | flows through the subarachnoid space in the meninges, provides cushion for the brain |
| spinal cord | conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain |
| meninges | three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | tough outer layer of meninges |
| arachnoid | delicate middle layer of meninges |
| sub arachnoid space | region between the middle layer and inner layer of the meninges, the CSF is located here |
| pia mater | thin inner layer of the meninges |
| nerve | cordlike structure made up of neurons(nerve cells) |
| neuron | a nerve cell |
| sensory neuron | carries impulses from the body part to the brain |
| motor neuron | carry impulses from the brain to the body part |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| glioblastoma, or glioma | highly malignant brain tumor |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| neuralgia | pain in a nerve |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| neuroma | tumor made up of a nerve |
| neuropathy | disease of a peripheral nerves |
| polyneuropathy | disease of many nerves, frequently caused by uncontrolled diabetes |
| radiculopathy | disease of the nerve roots |
| subdural hematoma | a collection, or tumor of blood below the dura mater |
| alzheimer disease(AD) | early dementia resulting in impaired memory |
| bell palsy | temporary paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face |
| cerebral aneurysm | weakness and bulge of an artery in the brain |
| cerebral embolism | a blood clot lodges in a small artery of the brain blocking further blood flow |
| ischemic stroke | insufficient blood supply to a section of the brain resulting in tissue necrosis |
| cerebral palsy(CP) | brain defect or lesion present at birth, characterized by lack of muscle control, and paralysis |
| dementia | loss of intellectual brain function |
| epilepsy | abnormal electrical activity in the brain causing seizures |
| multiple sclerosis(MS) | progressive scarring in patches of the central nervous system causing various symptoms |
| parkinson disease(PD) | disease of CNS presenting with tremors, loss of facial expression and and a shuffling gait |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve that can cause pain through hip, thigh, leg, foot, toes |
| shingles | blisters and pain on skin secondary to the varicella zoster virus(chicken pox) exacerbation in the peripheral sensory nerves |
| cerebro vascular accident (CVA) | interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain causing brain cell death (AKA stroke) |
| brain attack | another name for a stroke |
| transient ischemic attack(TIA) | temporary deficiency of blood supply to a region of the brain |
| cerebral angiography | X ray imaging of blood vessels in brain after injecting contrast medium |
| myelogram | imaging the spinal cord after injecting contrast medium into the subarachnoid space |
| electroencephalogram(EEG) | record of the electrical impulses in the brain |
| brain scan(CT/MRI/ PET) | Imaging studies(computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography) of the brain to visualize tumors, MS, edema, necrosis, aneurysms) |
| lumbar puncture(LP) | removal of CSF from the sub arachnoid space using a needle between two lumbar vertebrae(AKA spinal tap) |
| anesthesia | loss of sensation |
| aphasia | loss of speaking ability |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of the right or left side of the body |
| neurologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the nervous system |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation caused by nerve damage |
| postictal | pertaining to after a seizure |
| preictal | pertaining to before a seizure |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of four limbs |
| subdural | pertaining to below the dura mater |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination |
| cognitive | pertaining to mental functions |
| concussion | injury to the brain |
| disorientation | a state of mental confusion |
| gait | a manner or style of walking |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down |
| syncope | fainting |
| unconsciousness | unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli |
| psychiatry | treatment of mental disorders |
| psychology | study of the mind in relation to human behavior |
| anorexia nervosa | pronounced desire for thinness |
| anxiety disorder | chronic uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of something unknown |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) | marked inattention and hyperactivity |
| bipolar disorder | manic and depressive episodes |
| bulemia nervosa | uncontrolled binge eating followed by purging |
| major depression | mood disturbance: sadness, despair, discouragement, lack of joy, altered sleep, difficulty with ADL's |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) | intrusive unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts, or rituals |
| panic attack | an episode of sudden onset acute anxiety |
| phobia | a marked and persistent fear |
| post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) | panic attacks resulting from a traumatic event perceived as life threatening |
| schizophrenia | psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortion of reality |
| pituitary gland | located in the brain, produces hormones that stimulate the function of other glands |
| thyroid gland | secretes thyroxine(T4) which is necessary for body cell metabolism |
| pancreas | secretes insulin (among other hormones) |
| cerebrum | controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses |
| insulin | the hormone that allows tissue cells to absorb sugar out of the blood stream |
| adrenal glands | secretes adrenaline |
| adrenaline | help body to deal with stress, providing the "fight or flight" response(AKA epinephrine) |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyperthyroidism | excessive thyroxine resulting in weight loss, irritability, and heat intolerance |
| hypocalcemia | deficient calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | deficient sugar in the blood |
| hypokalemia | deficient potassium in the blood |
| hyponatremia | deficient sodium in the blood |
| hypothyroidism | state of deficient thyroid gland activity |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| diabetes mellitus(DM) | disorder that results in hyperglycemia |
| graves disease | a thyroid gland disorder causing hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos |
| thyrotoxicosis | a toxic condition of hyperthyroid(AKA thyroid storm) |
| insulin dependant diabetes mellitus(IDDM) | the pancreas is not producing any insulin(AKA Type 1 DM) |
| non isulin dependant diabete mellitus(NIDDM) | the pancreas produces insulin but the tissue cells are resistant, or not reacting to the it(AKA Type 2 DM) |
| adenectomy | excision of a gland |
| thyroidectomy | excision of a thyroid gland |
| thyroid scan | a nuclear medicine imaging of the thyroid gland |
| fasting blood sugar(FBS) | blood test that determins the amount of sugar in the blood after the patient has fasted 8-10 hours |
| glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C) | a blood test used to monitor how well a patient with DMis managing their blood sugars over a long period of time |
| thyroid stimulating hormone level(TSH) | blood test measures amount of thyroid stimulating hormone in the blood |
| thyroxine level(T4) | a blood test that measures the amount of thyroxine in the blood |
| endocrinologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the endocrine system |
| polydipsia | abnormal state of much thirst |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eye balls secondary to excessive thyroid hormones |
| hormone | a chemical substance secreted by endocrine glands |
| target tissue | the tissue cells that are changed when it is in contact with a specific hormone |
| metabolism | the chemical proceses in a living organism |
