| A | B |
|---|
| pathogen | disease causing organism |
| virus | protein coat with genetic material inside; no cell organelles; reproduce by infecting cells |
| fungi | heterotroph; non-moving;diseases such as athletes foot and ringworm |
| protozoa | single celed aquatic complex; diseses such as giardia, malaria, dysentary |
| bacteria | very fast reproducers;some move on their own; one cell; cell wall, cell membrane, ribosome, nucleoid |
| 3 Lines of Defence | fight against pathogens |
| 1st line of Defence | external barriers; skin, mucus,ear wax, saliva,tears, sweat, stomach acid |
| 2nd Line of Defence | internal, non-specific, response is the same regardless of the pathogen |
| macrophage | 2nd line, "big-eater" type of a white blood cell that eats the pathogen |
| neutrophylis | 2nd line, white blood cell that eats the pathogen and secretes a bleach-like chemical |
| fever | creates an environment in which bacteria grows more slowly |
| Inflammatory Response | increased blood flow to an area of infection; more blood=more white blood cells |
| 3rd Line of Defense | Internal, specific; make antibodies against specific pathogens |
| antibodies | proteins, specific for each pathogen, mark pathogen for macrophage |
| vaccination | infect with a dead or weakened pathogen; body responds as if infected by a live pathogen |
| Helper T cells | activates killer T cells and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies |
| Killer T cells | attacks body cells infected with pathogens |
| memory cells | formed during the first immune response and "remembera" the pathogena nd quickly activates to destroy it |
| HIV | virus that destroys helper T cells and causes AIDS |
| AIDS | the late stages of HIV infection |
