| A | B |
|---|
| What are the three types of muscles | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
| What shape are skeletal muscles | cigar |
| What is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell | Sarcolemma |
| The muscle fibers are enclosed in... | Endomysieum |
| Many muscle fibers make a | Fascicle |
| Fascicle is rapped in a | Perimysieum |
| Many muscle cells bundle to make a | A Fascicle |
| Around the muscle body wrapping all the fascicles together is the | Epimysium |
| What attaches the epimysia to the bone? | Tendons or Aponeuroses |
| Sheet-like tendons are called | Aponeuroses |
| The working unit of the muscle is called the | Myofibril |
| The myofibril gives the muscle fibers their... | Striped or striated appearance. |
| Light bands | I-bands |
| Dark bands | A- bands |
| Between I-bands | Z-line |
| Between A-bands | H-zone |
| What kind of organell is the sarcoplsmic retituclum formed from? | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum that releases calcium |
| What are the bands made up of? | Actin and Myosin |
| The I- band is made up of the thin filament | Actin |
| The A-bands are made up of the thick fillaments... | Myosin |
| What does the nerve send out? | Acetylcholine |
| Motor unit | All muscles triggered by nerve |
| Sarcolema is permeable to | Na+ |
| What causes the action potential | Na+ |
| What causes myosin to release and recock? | ATP |
| Why do you get Rigamortis? | No ATP to release Myosins hold on Actin. |
| What is muscular Dystrophy? | Dengeneration of muscle do to a genetic problem with dystrophan |
| What types of muscular dystrophy are sex linked? | Duschenes and Beckers |
| Which form of MD do boys get before 6? | Duschenes |
| Which form of MD is not sex linked and effects the upper body | Fascioscapular humoral |
| Synergist | Group of muscles that work together |
| Prime Mover | One muscle that does most of the work |
| Anatgonist | Muscles that work against each other. |
| All or none response | Muscle either reaches threshold stimulus and contracts or it does not contract at all. Their is no 1/2 contraction. |
| Lee the baker took the muffins | Ligaments to bone tendons to muscle |
| Smooth Muscle | No striations, in sheets and layers, do not tire, no concious control, often in visceral organs. |
| Cardiac Muscle | The heart, striated, involutary, intercallated diskes, Figure 8 shaped bundles, does not tire. |
| Skeletal Muscle | Mutlinucleated on the outside of muscle, striated, cigar shaped, volutary unless used in a Reflex, need rest. |
| Muscle Functions are... | movement, maintain posture, stabalize joints, and generate body heat |
| Myofibers or the Myofibril | Muscle cell |
| Myofillaments | Actin-myosin-sarcomere organelles in the muscle cell (Myofibril) this enlarges or causes hypertrophy when you work out giving you...big muscles. |
| Refractory period | recovery period of muscle or nerve |
| Surrounds the entire muscle and tendon | Fascia |
| abduction | drawing away from the median axis |
| adduction | drawing twords a median axis |
| extension | stretching out |
| pronation | a rotation of the hand and radius around the ulna so that the palm is turned downward |
| supination | a rotation of the hand and radius around the ulna so that the palm is turned upward. |
| What is a muscle | An organ that can contract |
| What causes the striations in skeletal muscle | Actin and myosin fillaments |
| Used to wistle | Orbicularis oris |
| Used to grin | Zygomaticus |
| Used by trumpet players to hold air...and chipmunks too! | buccinator |
| Used to blink and squint | Orbicularis oculi |
| Used to pout...pulls the corners of the mouth down | Platysma |
| Raises your eyebrows | Frontalis |
| Allows you to chew | Masseter |
| Elbow extendor | Tricept brachii |
| Flexes elbow | Bicept Brachii |
| Plantar flexes foot and raises you to your tip toes | Gastronemius |
| Raises arm outwards on the frontal plane | deltoid |
| Reason you may not be able to touch your toes | tight hamstring |
| Brings your heel to your but or moves your leg back straight behind you | Hamstring (Can also tilt the pelvis under) |
| Helps you cross your legs | Satorius |
| Extends knee joint | Quadracept femoris |
| Origin | where the muscle meets the bone that doesn't move |
| Insertion | where the muscle meets the bone that does move |
| Mastication | moving the lower jaw to chew |
| compresses the abdominal cavity in foreced exhalation and bends the spine from side to side | external oblique |
| Primary mover during crunches or situps | rectus abdominis |
| Elevates and depresses the ribs | Intercostals |
| Puts your head to one side | Sternocledo mastoid |
| Brings your arms down | Latissimus dorsi |
| Largest and strogest tendon in the body, attaches to the gastronemius | Achilles Tendon |
| Contracts when cone cells aren't working | Pupillary Dilator |
| Bows head in prayer | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Flexes Fingors | Flexor Digatorum |
| Turns, tilts head, raises and twists arms and shrugs shorlders | Trapezius |
| Only muscle in the body that has an origin but no insertion...you use it a lot | tongue |
| Pulled groin, pulls legs together | Abductor longus |
| Moves upper arms twords chest or helps you do a push-up | Pectoralis |
