| A | B |
|---|
| genes | inherited hereditary units |
| genetics | hereditary and variation |
| chromosomes | DNA and protein matrix from nucleoprotein that organiz and become chromosomes |
| mutation | spontaneous change in DNA |
| charater/trait | measurable attributes (physical0 |
| allelomorphs | a gene changed by mutation into 2 or more alternative forms |
| gene locus | specific location on a chromosome |
| homologous | genetically similar |
| linkage group | group of linked genes |
| cell | smallest unit of life |
| organelles | subcellular structures |
| somatice cell | any body cell exclusive of sex cells |
| meternal | female |
| paternal | male |
| dipoid | (2N) dual set of chromosomes |
| ploid | chromosome "sets" |
| gametes | sex cells |
| haploid | (N) 1/2 chromosome sets in comatic cells |
| genome | set of chromosomes corresponding to the hapoid set of a species |
| centromere | divides chromosome into 2 arms of varying length; formed from genetic thread |
| metacentric | chromosome with a median centromere (arms are equal length) |
| submetacentric/acrocentric | distinctly unequal size |
| telocentric | centromere at or very near the end of the chromosome |
| heteromorphic | morphologically dissimilar |
| sex chromosomes | morphologically dissimilar pair of chromosomes |
| autosomes | all chromosomes exclusive of sex chromosomes |
| zygote | the original cell |
| mitosis | divisional process |
| interphase | period between division cells |
| chromatids | genetic thread from tip to tip |
| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm |
| fertilization | union of gametes |
| synapsis | homologous chromosomes come to lie side by side |
| bivalent | each pair of synapsed homologues |
| chiasma | overlapping area |
| interkinesis | period between 1st and 2nd meiotic divisions |
| gametogenesis | the process of producing mature cells |
| spermatogenesis | male animal |
| oogenesis | female animal |
