| A | B |
| Law of Nations | laws that apply to everyone |
| Legions | small units of soldiers |
| Consuls | Top 2 government officials |
| Patricians | wealthy class in Rome |
| Veto | to reject |
| Republic | citizens choose leader; have representatives |
| Civic Duty | citizens should help their country |
| Reform | to change or create new |
| Twelve Tables | only apply to Roman citizens |
| Praetors | interpret & judge laws |
| Etruscans | served as a model army |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general |
| Council of Plebs | lower class voice in government |
| Bread and Circus Policy | cheap food and entertainment |
| Senate | legislative body in Rome |
| Rule of Law | everyone is equal under the law |
| Direct Democracy | citizens vote on all government business |
| Punic Wars | control of the Western Mediterranean |
| Julius Caesar | greatest general; powerful dictator |
| Plebeians | lower class |
| Scipio | defeated the Carthaginians |
| Enslaved Labor | cheap labor = job loss/poverty |
| Alps | mountains in Northern Italy |
| Apennines | mountains in Eastern Italy |