| A | B |
|---|
| autotroph | organisms that make their own food |
| heterotroph | organisms that obtain energy from the foods they obtain |
| adenosine triphosphate | One of the primary chemical compounds cells use to store and release enegry. ATP when abbreviated. Consits of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. |
| Photosynthesis | the process where plants use the enegry of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide to create food. |
| pigments | light absorbin molecules |
| chlorophyll | principal pigment |
| thylakoids | saclike photosynthetic membranes |
| photosystems | light collecting unit clusters |
| stroma | the region outside the thylakoid membrane |
| NADP | compound carrier molecule. accepts and hold 2 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion |
| light dependant reactions | use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH. Produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP into energy carriers ATP and NADPH |
| ATP synthase | spans the membrane and allows H ions to pass through it. |
| Calvin cycle | uses ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars |
| calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degrees Celsius |
| glycolysis | releases only a small amount of energy |
| cellular respiration | the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| NAD | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. accepts a pair of high energy electrons. helps to pass energy from glucose to other pathways in the cell. |
| fermentation | releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| anaerobic | not in air. |
| Krebs cycle | pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions |
| aerobic | process that requires energy |
| electron transport chain | chain that uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP |
