| A | B |
|---|
| erosion | the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil. |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion |
| deposition | process in which sediment is laid down in new locations |
| gravity | the attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill. |
| mass movement | any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill |
| runoff | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground |
| rill | A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water |
| gully | a large groove or channel in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm |
| stream | a channel through which water is continually flowing downhill |
| tributary | a stream or river that flows into a larger river |
| flood plain | the flat, wide area of land along a river |
| meander | a looplike bend in the course of a river |
| oxbow lake | A meander that has been cut off from the river |
| delta | A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake |
| alluvial fan | a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range |
| groundwater | water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers |
| stalactite | An icicle-like structure that hangs from the ceiling of a cavern. (78) |
| stalagmite | the columnlike form that grows upward from the floor of a cavern |
| karst topography | a type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys |
| glacier | any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land |
| continental glacier | a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island |
| ice age | Time in Earth's history during which glaciers covered large parts of the surface. |
| valley glacier | a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley |
| plucking | the process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land |
| till | The sediments deposited directly by a glacier. |
| moraine | a ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier |
| kettle | a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till |
| headland | a part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean |
| beach | Wave-washed sediment along a coast. |
| longshore drift | the movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle |
| spit | a beach formed by longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the water |
| deflation | the process by which wind removes surface materials |
| sand dune | a deposit of wind-blown sand |
| loess | a wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt |
