| A | B |
|---|
| Potential energy | stored energy |
| Chemical energy | Energy stored in the bonds between atoms. |
| Four examples of chemical energy | Fuels, batteries, food, wood |
| Two examples of nuclear energy | Nuclear power plant, the sun |
| Gravitational energy | The energy of position or place caused by gravity’s pull on an object or substance. |
| Two examples of things that have gravitational energy | Water stored behind a dam, a boulder on top of a hill |
| Stored Mechanical Energy | Energy stored in objects by the application of force. |
| Two examples of stored mechanical energy | A compressed spring, a stretched rubber band. |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion (moving energy) |
| Electrical Energy | The energy of moving electrons (electricity). |
| Electromagnetic Energy | Energy that travels in transverse waves. |
| Three examples of electromagnetic energy | Visible light, x-rays, radio waves |
| Electromagnetic energy is also known as… | radiant energy |
| Thermal energy | The vibration of molecules in matter. It’s also known as “heat.” |
| Mechanical energy | The energy of movement (moving objects). |
| Three examples of mechanical energy | A falling ball, a flying bird, steam pushing a turbine blade, running water in a river. |
| Sound energy | Energy that moves through substances in longitudinal waves. |
| Two differences between electromagnetic energy and sound energy. | Electromagnetic energy moves in transverse waves and can travel through empty space. Sound energy moves in longitudinal waves and must travel through matter. |
| Renewable Resource | A resource that is naturally replaced in a fairly short time, such as wind, solar, or biomass. |
| Geothermal energy | Renewable energy using heat from beneath Earth’s surface. |
| Solar energy | Renewable energy from the sun’s rays. |
| Three advantages of solar energy | Will last for billions of years, very little pollution, free power source (the sun). |
| Wind energy | Renewable energy from moving air caused by the uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. |
| Three advantages of wind energy | It pollutes very little, it reduces our use of fossil fuels, and the power source (wind) is free. |
| Biomass energy | Renewable energy from the stored chemical energy in dead plants and animals. |
| Examples of biomass fuel | Burning wood or garbage. |
| Hydropower energy | Renewable energy from releasing the gravitational energy in water stored behind a dam. |
| Two advantages of hydropower | It’s clean and reduces our use of fossil fuels. |
| Non-renewable Resource | A natural resource that is not replaced as it is used. |
| Coal | A non-renewable energy source obtained by burning a black rock formed from the ancient remains of dead plants. |
| Major drawback of coal | It pollutes the air. |
| Natural gas | A non-renewable resource obtained by burning a mix of mostly methane gas. |
| Main advantage of natural gas | Produces the lowest level of air pollution of all the fossil fuels. |
| Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable? | It takes millions of years for them to form and we are using them faster than they can be produced. |
| Nuclear energy | A non-renewable energy source generated through the fission (breaking apart) of uranium atoms. |
| Major drawback of nuclear energy | It is very difficult to dispose of the radioactive wastes produced. |
| Energy transformation | Changing one form of energy into another. |
| Two examples of energy transformation | A car burning gasoline (chemical Energy) to move (mechanical energy), a battery (chemical) in a flash light (electromagnetic and thermal) |
| Fuel | A material that releases chemical energy when burned. |
| In a power plant, what are four different energy sources you could use to heat the water? | Fossil fuel, biomass, nuclear materials, the heat of the Earth’s interior |
| In a power plant, what turns the blades of the turbine? | Steam produced from boiling water. |
| In a power plant, the steam provides what kind of energy? | Mechanical (the MOVING steam turns the blades of the turbine). |
| Coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass all store _________________ energy. | chemical |
| In a power plant, fossil fuels or biomass can be burned to convert their stored chemical energy into _____________ energy. | Thermal |
| The generator turns _____________ energy into ______________ energy. | Mechanical, electrical |
| What are the three ways heat is transferred? | Convection, conduction, and radiation. |
| In what direction does heat move? | It always flows from hot to cold. |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat from particle to particle by direct contact. |
| Two examples of conduction | A spoon gets hot when left in a cup of hot chocolate, and air gets warm when in contact with the hot sand on the beach. |
| Convection | The transfer of heat through the movement of a liquid or gas. |
| Four examples of convection | The movement of boiling water, a land/sea breeze, heat rising over a fire, smoke rising. |
| Radiation | The transfer of heat in waves. |
| Three examples of radiation | Heat from the sun, heat from in front of a heater, and heat from beside a fire. |
| Energy conservation | Reducing energy use. |
| Three examples of conserving energy in the home. | Unplug devices not in use, turn off lights when not in the room, use energy efficient light bulbs. |
| Four examples of conserving energy at school | Turn off lights and computers when not in use. Recycle plastic bottles and paper. Use timers for lights, air conditioning, and heat. |
| Two examples of conserving energy in your community. | Use renewable energy sources, city vehicles could use alternative fuels. |
