| A | B |
|---|
| Church of England | the national religion of England |
| cash crop | a crop that is grown for profit |
| colony | a settlement that is far away from the country that governs it |
| indentured servant | a person who agrees to work for free for a certain period of time in return for their travel and living expenses |
| livestock | farm animals like cows, horses, and sheep |
| persecution | to treat a person unfairly because of his or her beliefs |
| Pilgrim | a person who goes on a journey for religious reasons |
| port | a place where ships dock to load and unload people and cargo |
| Puritans | a group of English people who disagreed with the Church of England and believed they could make changes to purify the church |
| Mayflower Compact | a written agreement made among the Pilgrims |
| mill | a place where you can grind wheat and corn into flour for cooking |
| self-sufficient | able to rely only on yourself for what you need |
| Seperatists | people who disagreed with the Church of England and wanted to break away from the church, also known as the Pilgrims |
| well | a deep hole dug in the ground that reaches water |
| Virginia Company | a group of English businessmen who established the first British colony in Virginia |
| Jamestown | the first British colony |
| John Smith | leader of Jamestown |
| tobacco | the first cash crop grown in the colonies |
| House of Burgesses | a group of elected officials that helped make laws in the colony of Jamestown |
| The New England colonies | Massachussets, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire: Timber and manufacturing |
| Middle Colonies | New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware: Rich farmland, Breadbasket colonies |
| Southern Colonies | Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia: tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations |
| The thirteen colonies | founded for religious freedom, search for gold, farming, trade, and refuge for debtors |
| Major colonial cities | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; Newport, Rhode Island; Charleston, South Carolina |
| backcountry | land that was close to the Appalachian Mountains in the colonial days |
| boycott | to refuse to buy something in order to express disapproval or create change |
| fort | a small, strong building to protect soldiers |
| intolerable | unacceptable |
| militia | a volunteer army |
| Parliament | a group of elected British lawmakers |
| protest | to speak out against |
| repeal | to take back |
| surplus | in business, how much you have of something that still needs to be sold |
| tariff | a tax on imported goods |
| French and Indian War | 1754, known as the Seven Years War, fought between France and Great Britain |
| Results of the French and Indian War | France lost all of its land in North America; Britain taxes the 13 colonies to pay for the war |
| Sugar Act | 1762, Tax placed on all sugar products bought |
| Stamp Act | 1765, Tax placed on anything that was printed |
| Townshend Acts | 1766, Tax placed on tea, paper, glass, wool, lead, and paints |
| Tea Act | 1773, Required colonist to buy tea only from the East India Company |
| Intolerable Act | 1773, Sent more soldiers to Boston, forced colonist to feed and house the soldiers and the port of Boston was closed down |
| Patrick Henry | A lawyer who was a member of the House of Burgesses in Virginia, who spoke out against the Stamp Act |
| Samuel Adams | Leader of the Sons of Liberty |
| Sons of Liberty | Group of colonists who protested the Stamp Act by attacking tax collectors, and lead boycotts |
| Reasons Colonists were upset about taxes | They never had to pay taxes that they did not agree to pay before; Even thought they were British Citizens they were not allowed to vote for members of Parliament; They were already governing themsleves |
| Boston Massacre | 1770, British soldiers fire into a crowd of colonists killing five |
| Boston Tea Party | Members of the Sons of Liberty throw tea off a ship into the Boston harbor |
| Committee of Correspondance | A system established to communicate between the 13 colonies |
| First Continental Congress | 1774, a meeting between all of the colonies, where represenatives agreed that the 13 colonies would not trade with Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed and that they would create a militia |
