| A | B |
|---|
| Second Industrial Revolution | Period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in late 1800's |
| Bessemer Process | way to manufacture steel cheaply/quickly. Increased steel production |
| How steel prices helped with railroad | Improved passenger service, growth of cities, western growth, and employment |
| petroleum | oil |
| kerosene | fuel made from oil |
| Uses of kerosene | cooking, lighting and heating |
| Edwin Drake | Invented a pump that pumped oil from deep into ground |
| Thomas Edison | scientist who researched practical uses of electricity |
| Location of Edison's laboratory | Menlo Park, NJ |
| Patent | exclusive rights to make/sell an invention |
| Problem Edison faced with practical lighting | Few homes/businesses could get electricity |
| Edison's Solution to problem | Built a power plant |
| Problem with telegraph | Only carried written messeages and was difficult for untrained people to use. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone |
| Henry Ford | Made the Model T an affordable car |
| How Ford was able to cut costs | Used assembly line technique |
| Wilbur and Orville Wright | built a lightweight airplane that used a gas-powered engine |
| Where Wright brothers made first flight | Kitty Hawk, North Carolina |
| What inventions that used gas-powered engines did in our country. | Increased the demand for oil production |
| Corporations | Businesses that sell portions of ownership - stockshares |
| Benefits of Stockholders | Get a % of profits, do not run day-to-day business, not responsible for debts, free to sell |
| Andrew Carnegie | Leader of steel industry. Used vertical intergration |
| vertical intergration | ownership of businesses involved in each step of manufacturing process |
| John D. Rockefeller | Leader of oil industry. Used vertical and horizontal intergration. Formed a trust in oil industry |
| horizontal intergration | owning all businesses in a certain field |
| trust | legal arrangement grouping together a number of companies under a single board of directors |
| Leland Stanford | Leader of railroad industry |
| Social Darwinism | View of society based on scientist Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. Survival of the fittest |
| Philanthropy | Giving large sums of money to charity |
| monopoly | total ownership of a product or service |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts. Hard to define because it did not cleary define a trust |
| Specialization | workers repeating a single step again and again |
| Frederick W. Taylor | Wrote a book that encouraged managers to view workers as interchangeable parts. Injuries increased in our country because of this view |
| Knights of Labor | First national union. Included skilled/unskilled workers |
| Terence V. Powderly | Leader of Knights of Labor |
| American Federation of Labor | Included skilled workers. Larger than Knights |
| Samuel Gompers | Leader of AFL |
| Collective bargaining | Negotiating with management |
| Mary Harris Jones | Irish immigrant who organized strikes and helped educate workers |
| Haymarket Riot | Protest after strikers are killed. At protest violence occurs.Knights membership declines |
| Homestead Strike | Strike at Carnegie's steel mill. Carnegie locks out workers and hires strikebreakers. State Militia called in violence occurs |
| Pullman Strike | Halts railroad traffic. Pres. Cleveland called federal troops to end strike |
