| A | B |
|---|
| neuron | basic cell of the nervous system |
| dendrite | receptive end of a neuron |
| synapse | the small gap between neurons |
| axon | the long slender portion of the neuron that transmits the impulse |
| soma (cell body) | the part of the neuron that houses typical cellular organelles |
| neurotransmitter | the chemical signal released by the axon terminal across the synapse |
| presynaptic neuron | the neuron that sends the neurotransmitter |
| postsynaptic neuron | the neuron that receives the neurotransmitter |
| axon terminal (foot) | the end of the neuron--releases neurotransmitter |
| stimuli | any environmental change registered by the NS--sensory input |
| NS | nervous system |
| integration | the processing of stimuli (sensory input) |
| motor output | a response to stimuli (sensory input) |
| motor neuron | transmit from CNS to organ |
| sensory neurons | transmit from organ to CNS |
| interneurons | transfer stimuli--a relay |
| action potential | caused by a change in membrane permeability--an impulse |
| membrane potential | the difference in voltage between the inside and outside of a cell |
| Nodes of Ranvier | spaces between the Schwan's Cells on the axon |
| Schwann's Cells | make up the Myelin Sheath that covers the axon |
| acetylcholine | the primary neurotransmitter between nerurons and muscle cells |
| Na+ | the ion that rushes into the neuron as the action potential is triggered, causes the membrane to depolarize |
| K+ | the ion that is actively transported out of the cytoplasm to return the plasma membrane to its normal, polar, state |
| all or nothing | the idea that once an action potential starts it must travel the full length of the axon |
| afferent pathways | transmit signals towards the CNS |
| efferent pathways | transmit signals away from the CNS |
| concussion | a generally mild injury to the brain that leaves little to no permanant damage |
| contusion | an injury to the brain that results in cell death and permanant damage to funtionality |
| cva | a burst blood vessel in the brain that can lead to cell death or organismal death |
| scalp | first line of defense or protection for the brain (the outermost thing) |
