| A | B |
|---|
| present participle- | "en" + nous stem+ ant (by or while....ing) |
| irregular present participle: avoir | ayant |
| irregular present participle: être | étant |
| irregular present participle: savoir | sachant |
| all regular present participles use... | nous form; -ons; +ant |
| avant de- | + infinitive (before...ing) |
| reciprocals- | use me, te, se, nous, vous + verb |
| reciprocals DO agree | when they are used as direct objects |
| reciprocal DO NOT agree | when they are used as indirect objects (to...à context) |
| past infinitive- | après avoir or être + past participle |
| present participles agree.... | when used as an adjective |
| sans- | + infinitive (without...ing) |
