| A | B |
|---|
| nutrition | the taking in and processing of food tomake it usable. |
| transport | the movement of materials from place to place |
| peristalsis | waves of muscular contractionsthat move food through the gastrointestinal tract |
| mechanical digestion | breaking food into smaller pieces to increase surface area by enzymes |
| chemical digestion | form of digestion where the foods are turned into compounds using enzymes |
| enzymes | a protein that speeds up the rate of biochemical reactions; an organic catalyst |
| villi | finger-like projections in the lining of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption |
| ingestion | to take food in; to eat |
| digestion | the enzyme controlled process that changes large insoluable molecules into small soluable molecules |
| absorption | the diffusion of small molecules into a cell |
| synthesis | a chemical process in which small molecules are joined to make large molecules |
| egestion | the removal of undigested food |
| veins | a blood vessel that carries blood from the body tissues back to the heart |
| arteries | a thick walled muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| capillaries | a microscopic blood vessel, one cell thick, that allows materials to be exchanged between the tissues of the body and the blood; it connects small arteries to small veins |
| passive transport | diffusion; the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without using energy |
| active transport | the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration using energy |
| atria | the upper 2 heart chambers; receive blood returning to the heart from the body; de-oxygenated |
| ventricles | the lower 2 chambers of the heart; pump blood from the heart to the body; oxygenated |
| red blood cells | the cells of the body that contain the red pigment hemoglobin which aids in the transport of oxygen |
| white blood cells | a leukocyte; a nucleated blood cell that aids the body in the body's defense against disease |
| platelets | a blood cell fragment that triggers the blood-clotting mechanism |
| plasma | the liquid portion of the blood that consists mainly of water, ions, and dissolved proteins |
| blood | fluid; a tissue composed of plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and suspended materials |
| diarrhea | a disorder in which the feces are watery because not enough water was removed as material passed through the small intestine |
| constipation | a disorder caused by too much water being removed from the feces as peristalsis moves the undigested food through the large intestine; this causes the feces to harden and be difficult to egest |
| heartburn | a burning sensation in the stomach and the esophagus |
| ulcer | open sores in the interior wall of the digestive tract |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel or in the heart which block circulation |
| leukemia | a type of cancer that produces large numbers of non-functional white blood cells |
| high blood pressure | hypertension; increase in arterial blood pressure |
| mouth/salivary glands | glands that screte saliva into the mouth |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food passes only into the esophagus |
| stomach | a thick-walled muscular, expandable sac in the digestive system where food is temporarily stored and protein digestion begins |
| liver | multi-purpose organ that produces bile, removes toxins from the blood, and produces urea |
| pancreas | produces digestive enzymes and hormones; an endocrine and exocrine gland |
| small intestine | a long coiled tube that is the site of most chemical digestion and absorption |
| large intestine | a section of the digestion tube where water is reabsorbed from the undigested material |
| rectum/anus | ending section of the intestine |
| gall bladder | stores the bile produced by the liver |
