| A | B |
|---|
| Neolithic Revolution | The development of agriculture; led to the rise of civilizations |
| Buddhism | a religion that began in India and spread throughout Asia; based on the concept that life is suffering and the belief of reincarnation |
| Democracy | a government ruled by the people |
| Monarchy | a government in which the power is in the hands of one person |
| Homo Sapiens | modern humans |
| Constantinople | the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire |
| Byzantine Empire | the later name of the Eastern Roman Empire; preserved the religion of Christianity |
| Code of Hammurabi | the legal code of Babylon |
| Twelve Tables | the legal code of Roma |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| Mosque | Islamic place of worship |
| Islam | monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Muhammad |
| Caliph | a successor of Muhammad |
| Shi’a | a branch of Islam |
| Sunni | a branch of Islam |
| Schism | the dispute in the Christian church that led to two different branches; Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox |
| Feudalism | the division of medieval social classes |
| Republic | a representative form of government |
| Silk Road | linked Eastern Asia and the Middle East through trade of goods and ideas |
| Ten Commandments | Guide of Christian moral behavior |
| Eightfold Path | Guide of Buddhist moral behavior |
| Upanishads | Guide of Hindu moral behavior |
| Bubonic Plague | disease that completely shattered European society during the Middle Ages |
| 100 Years War | War between France and England that introduced gunpowder and ended the Age of Knights |
| Ottoman Empire | Empire that increased trade between North Africa, the Middle East and Europe |
| Crusades | Christians attempt to regain Jerusalem; increased trade between Europe and the Middle East but also led to long term conflict between Christians and Muslim |
