| A | B |
|---|
| Sui | Chinese Dynasty that unified the lands following the era of division in 589 |
| Tang | Chinese dynasty that ruled from 618-907 and massively expanded the state. Under this dynasty Buddhism went from almost becoming a state religion to being persecuted!!!! |
| Song | Chinese dynasty that ruled from 960-1279 and saw a lot of innovations develop in China. |
| Yuan | Mongol dynast of China that started in 1279-1368 under Kubilai Khan. He forbade Chinese scholars from learning Mongol script, Mongosl from marrying Chinese, maintained separate military forces, and even retained Mongol customs. |
| Wendi | started the Sui dynasty and unifed China in 589. He ruled via alliances with neighboring nomadic military commanders. Built granaries and lowed taxes! |
| Yangdi | killed his father, Wendi, to come to power and spend his time on building projects like the Grand Canal, palaces, and parks. However his use of conscripted peasant labor and military losses (Korea 611 and 614 and Turkish nomads in 615) led to his assassination in 618! |
| Li Yuan | Took over power of China after the assassination of Yangdi and started the Tang dynasty of China. He abdicated the throne quickly to his son, Taizong! |
| Confucians scholars | (shi) Yangdi favored them and put them into power unlike his father Wendi. During the Tang dynasty these scholars were supported often at the expense of the aristocracy AND the bureaucracy made it possible for the revival under the Tang dynasty. |
| Grand Canal | Yangdi built under Sui and connected northern and southern China allowing for an much more integrated economy...allowing rice and food from Yangtze to flow northward. |
| Equal Field System | Wendi and Tang dynasty system of redistributing lands to the poor to stop rebellions (like during the Han when they were over taxed and lost their lands) |
| Changan | capital of China |
| Mininstry of Rites | administered the civil service exam of China |
| jinshi | those Chinese who passed the most difficult of exams and were permitted for position in high/ imperial office. More bureaucrats won their positions via the test but still family connections were important. |
| urbanization | Tang-Song era urbanization increased |
| Empress Wu | Tried to make Buddhism the official religion of China |
| Pure Land Buddhism | popular strain of mahayana buddhism in China...appealed to lower class, founded by Chinese monks, employed faith and salvation and offered hope and a refuge from war/ turmoil/ conflict. |
| Confucian scholars | Who attacked Buddhism to the emperor b/c it was a foreign and economic threat |
| Chan or Zen Buddhism | Popular form of Buddhism with Chinese elite |
| Emperor Wuzong | emperor (841-847) who started the restrictions and persecution of Buddhists at Confucian scholars influences (economic reasons). Although it declined |
| Emperor Xuanzong | Emperor of China (713-56). First part of his reign representated the high point of Tang power. However he was famous for his flute lessons and magical music! He spend more time on love than ruling soon and the Tang dynasty began to decline rapidly! |
| Empress Wei | Killed off her husband to try and take control as regent since she only had a child, but her power was taken by another prince who led a revolt that ended her short rule! |
| An Lushan | 755 led a rebellion against emperor Xuanzong. He was so successful he took the capital and secondaru capital...the Tang then invited the Uighurs in and they looted the cities destroying trust in the government. |
| Huang Chao | 875-884 Rebellion against Tang. He robbed from the rich and gave some of it to the poor...sign of the corruption of government and uphappiness of citizens. |
| Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu) | Founder of the Song dynasty 960-1279 |
| Song Dynasty | Followed the Tang and was smaller than the Tang |
| Liao | Empire north of the Song created by the Khitan peoples who forced the Song into paying them tribute. Later conquered by the Jin Empire. |
| Sinfication | adoption of Chinese culture |
| Xi Xia | Empire north of Song establised by the Tangut of Tibet. They would become a vassal state to the Mongols in the 1200s. |
| Jin | Empire to the north of China who conquered the Liao empire and in 1167 conquered northern Song China =creating southern song |
| Neo-Confucians | Means revival of Confucian thought and principles. Occured during the Song dynasty (b/c huge focus on scholars them) and led to increased patriarchy like footbinding. |
| Zhu Xi | most prominent Neo-Confucian thinker! |
| Wang Anshi | reformer during the Song who tried to change government but reforms were blocked when the emperor who supported him died! (1080s) Reforms: mercanary army, reorganization of education, tax scholars and landlords, and gov. assisted irrigation projects |
| economics | Tang-Song: Trade increasingly carried by ships (junks), increased urbanization and markets in town and cities, credit developed as well as guilds, and overlands trade routes like the Silk Roads were reopened. |
| technolgies | coal for fuel, gunpowder, compass for sea navigation, junks, suspension bridges, abacus, printing and movable type, naphtha, kite, grand canal, and banks |
| Bi Sheng | devised the technique of printing with movable type |
| Li Bo | most famous Tang poet |
| Tale of Genji | first novel in the history of the world and about a guy who has a lot of affairs!!! (written by Lay Murasaki of Japan) |
| flying money | credit vouchers used to make travel safer and easier for merchants |
| junks | fast chinese ships |
| champa rice | fast growing rice introduced from Vietnam |
| lotus petal | footbinding name (golden lily) |
| Shintoism | religion of Japan-but buddhism becomes popular too |
| Taika reforms | reforms to government of Japan to make more like Tang China during Taika period: son of heaven, chinese script, histories, court etiquette) all to enchance power of emperor and make him absolute! |
| Koken | empress who almost married a buddhist monk...he wanted power over Japan to create more freedom for Buddhists |
| Kyoto / Heian | New capital forbad the Buddhists from building inside it and thus restored the counterbalanc between buddhist monasteries and the aristocracy of Japan |
| Emperor Kammu | ended Taika reforms -and the aristocratic families begin taking back power and building up large estates in the countryside |
| bushi | powerful provincal families began denying land and labor to the court and set up little kingdoms in the countryside with the court losing power. These men administred law within these kingdoms and were the warriors |
| samurai | mounted troops of the provincial estates of Japan |
| seppuku or hara-kiri | ritual suicide down so that warriors wouldn't dishonor the family |
| Gempei Wars | 1180s provinical war between Minamoto and Taira families with the Minamoto's winning |
| shogunate | Minamoto's created bakufu military government and called themselves shoguns after the Gempei wars. The emperor was still there but had little power-figurehead |
| Yoritomo | Minamoto shogun who was so paraoid of being overthrown that he killed almost all his potentional successors which of course caused a succsion problem! |
| Ashikaga shogunate | branch of Minamoto's who came back into power and fought the emepror 1477-87 for power and control of Japan. Shogunate won but fedualism started due to decentralization of government from all the fighting. |
| serfs | the rise of the samurai and increased violence and fedualism led to peasants being reduced to these! |
| Silla | Tang helped this kingdom conquer its neighbors and then Korea became a vassal state to China (668) Silla, Koryo, (Mongols), Yi |
| Civil Service Exam | Korean estabilshed this test along Chinese lines however admission to the bureaucracy was determined by birth only! |
| Buddhism | perferred religion of the Korean elite |
| merchants and artisans | Korea did not develop this class becuase China monopolized these industries |
| 111 BCE | Han conquered the viets and they were under Chinese rule for about 1000 years! |
| 939 | after fall of the Tang (907) Vietnam became independent under the Le dynasty! |
