| A | B |
|---|
| anergy | inability to mount an immune response |
| antibodies | chemical substances that destroy foreign agents such as microorganisms |
| antigens | protein markers on cells |
| artificially acquired active immunity | immunity that results from the administration of a killed or weakened microorganism or attenuated toxin |
| cell-mediated response | process that occurs when T cells survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen |
| colony-stimulating factors | cytokines that regulate the production, maturation, and function of blood cells |
| complement system | immune process in which many different proteins are activated in a chain reaction when an antibody binds with an antigen |
| cytokines | immunologic chemical messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages |
| cytotoxic T cells | lymphocytes that bind to invading cells and destroy them by altering their cellular membrane and intracellular environment and releasing chemicals called lymphokines |
| effector T cells | killer (cytotoxic) T-cell lymphocytes |
| helper T cells | cells that recognize antigens and form additional T-cell clones that stimulate B-cell Lymphocytes to produce antibodies against foreign antigens |
| humoral response | formation of antibodies |
| immune response | target-specific system of defense against infectious, foreign, or cancerous cells carried out primarily by lymphocytes |
| immunocompetence | the ability to develop an immune response after exposure to antigens |
| immunoglobulins | proteins produced by B lymphocyte plasma cells that bind with antigens and promote the destruction of invading cells; also known as antibodies |
| interferons | chemicals that enable cells to resist viral infection and slow viral replication |
| interleukins | chemicals that coordinate the immune response |
| lymphokines | type of cytokines that attracts neutrophils and monocytes to remove debris, promotes the maturation of more T cells when they detect antigens, and directs B cell lymphocytes to multiply and mature |
| macrophages | large phagocytes present in tissues such as the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen,, and peritoneum |
| memory cells | immunologic cells that convert to plasma cells on re-exposure to a specific antigen |
| microphages | a small neutrophil that ingests small things |
| monocytes | large phagocytes present in tissues such as the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and peritoneum |
| natural killer cells | lymphocyte-like cells taht circulate throughout the body looking for virus-infected cells and cancer cells and release potent chemicals that lethally alter the target cell's membrane, leading to its demise |
| naturally acquired active immunity | immunity that occurs as a direct result of infection by a specific microorganism |
| passive immunity | immediate but short-lived immunity that develops when ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible individual |
| phagocytes | white blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and foreign material |
| plasma cells | B-cell lymphocytes that produce antibodies |
| regulator T cells | T-cell lymphocytes made up of helper and suppressor cells |
| stem cells | undifferentiated precursors to various types of cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes |
| suppressor T cells | cells that limit or turn off the immune response in the absence of continued antigenic stimulation |
| tumor necrosis factor | type of cytokine used to regulate various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders |
