| A | B |
|---|
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | (AIDS) infectious and eventually fatal syndrome that profoundly weakens the immune system and that is acquired from a pathogen known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| actue retroviral syndrome | syndrome that occurs in some cases of primary HIV infection that is often mistaken for "flu" or some other common illness |
| AIDS dementia complex | neurologic condition that causes degeneration of the brain, especially in areas that affect mood, cognition, and motor functions |
| AIDS Drug Assistance Program | state based programs partially funded by Title II of the Ryan White CARE Act that help low and middle-income clients obtain expensive AIDS medication |
| autologous blood | self-donated blood |
| candidiasis | yeast infection caused by the Candida albicans microorganism that may develop in the oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, or vaginal cavities or within folds of the skin |
| capsid | double layer of lipid material that surrounds the genetically incomplete HIV |
| codons | points on HIV genes where mutations occur |
| directed donor blood | blood obtrained from specified blood donors among a client's relatives and friends |
| distal sensory polyneuropathy | disorder characterized by abnormal sensations, such as burning and numbness, in the feet and later in the hands |
| drug cross-resistance | diminished drug response among similar drugs |
| drug resistance | ineffective response to a prescribed drug because of the survival and duplication of exceptionally virulent mutations |
| entry inhibitors | drugs that interfere with the HIV's ability to fuse with and enter the CD4 cell; also known as fusion inhibitors |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | initial HIV screening test that is positive when there are sufficient HIV antibodies |
| genotype testing | blood test used to detect drug resistance in which genetic changes in circulating HIV particles are measured |
| highly active antiretroviral therapy | HIV treatment with combination of drugs; sometimes referred to as a "drug cocktail" |
| human immunodeficiency virus | pathogen that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
| integrase | viral enzyme that incorporates a viral code into a host cell's DNA |
| integrase inhibitors | antiretroviral drugs that block integrase thus preventing the incorporation of HIV DNA into the T-cell's DNA |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | type of connective tissue cancer common among those with AIDS |
| mortality | the death rate or the ratio of the number of deaths for a specific population |
| opportunistic infection | condition in which nonpathogenic or remotely pathogenic microorganisms take advantage of a favorable situation and overwhelm the host; also called superinfections |
| p24 antigen test | blood test that measures the number of viral particles in the blood and is used to guide drug therapy and follow the progression of a disease |
| phenotype testing | blood test used to detect drug resistance in which a measured amount of antiviral drug is mixed with a virus until there is a quantity that prevents the virus from reproducing |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia | type of pneumonia rare among individuals with intact immune systems, but clients infected with HIV are at particular risk for acquiring |
| polymerase chain reaction | measures the number of viral particles in the blood and is used to guide drug therapy |
| protease | viral enzyme that cuts long chains of replicated viral particles and releases them into the cytoplasm of a cell |
| protease inhibitor | antiretroviral drug that inhibits the ability of HIV particles to leave the host cell |
| reverse transcriptase | enzyme that copies RNA and DNA |
| reverse transcriptase inhibitor | antiretroviral drug that interferes with the HIV's ability to make a genetic blueprint |
| reverse transcription | process in which the enzyme reverse transcriptase copies RNA into DNA |
| safer sex practices | sexual activities in which body fluids are not exchanged |
| salvage therapy | treatment option for individuals who have developed significant HIV drug resistance with limited possibilities for effective drug management |
| viatical settlement | arrangement in which a terminally ill individual agrees to mane a person as beneficiary to his or her life insurance in exchange for immediate cash |
| Western blot | test used to confirm an HIV diagnosis indicated by a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test |
