| A | B |
|---|
| pathogen | organism which can cause disease |
| immunity | ability to deal with a pathogen without developing an infection |
| non-specific | defenses against all pathogens |
| specific | defenses agains a single type of pathogen |
| cell-mediated | defenses which attack infected or malfunctioning cells |
| humoral | defenses in body fluids |
| phagocytes | white cells which ingest any pathogen |
| barriers | physical methods for prevention of infection |
| lymphocytes | white cells specific to a pathogen |
| T - lymphocytes | these develop in the thymus gland |
| B- lymphocytes | these develop in the bone marrow |
| phagosome | vesicle formed when a phagocyte engulfs a pathogen |
| lysosome | vescile containing lytic enzymes |
| phagolysosome | formed from union of a phagosome and a lysosome |
| lytic enzymes | these break down the pathogen inside the phagolysosome |
| antigen | anything recognised as non-self which stimulates an immmune response |
| antigen-presenting cells | T cel with antigens from a pathogen presented on it's surface |
| killer T cells | These directly attack specific pathogens |
| plasma cells | these liberate antibodies into the blood |
| primary immune response | Plasma cells form this |
| secondary immune response | memory cells form this |
| antigenic variability | changes in the antigens on the surface of pathogens |
| variable region | part of the antibody which varies |
| constant region | part of the antibody which does not vary |
| receptor binding site | sticks antibody to B cell |
| monoclonal antibodies | antibodies specific to a particular antigen |
| immunoassay | method of calculating amount of a substance using antibodies |
| passive immunity | produced by introduction of antibodies - short lived immunity |
| active immunity | immunity produced by stimulating the production of antibodies by the body's own system |
| herd immunity | interuption o0f transmission of a disease as the vast majority are immune |
