| A | B |
|---|
| acute heart failure | sudden change in the heart's ability to contract |
| afterload | force that the ventricle must overcome to empty its diastolic volume |
| aldosterone | hormone that causes retention of sodium and water |
| angiogenesis | regeneration of blood vessels |
| B-type natriuretic peptide | neurohormone secreted by the heart ventricles after sensing an increase in fluid pressure within the heart; it's cardioprotective; function is to decrease blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium of water and promoting arterial dilation |
| cardiac resynchronization therapy | technique that restores synchrony in the contractions of the right and left ventricles using a biventricular pacemaker |
| cardiomyoplasty | surgical procedure in which a client's own chest muscle is grafted to the aorta and wrapped around the heart to augment ineffective myocardial muscle contraction |
| chronic heart failure | disorder in which the heart's ability to pump effectively is compromised for an extended period of time |
| congestive heart failure | accumulation of blood and fluid within organs and tissues as a result of ineffective heart contraction |
| cor pulmonale | disorder in which pulmonary disease causes the right ventricle to enlarge or fail |
| digitalization | method of giving large doses of a digitalis drug at the beginning of treatment to build up therapeutic bleed levels of the drug |
| ejection fraction | percentage of blood the left ventricle ejects when it contracts |
| exertional dyspnea | effort at breathing when physically active |
| heart failure | inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs |
| hemoptysis | expectoration of blood or bloody sputum |
| intra-aortic balloon pump | device that acts as a temporary, secondary pump to supplement ineffectual contraction of the heart's left ventricle |
| left-sided heart failure | condition that results from various conditions that impair the left ventricle's ability to eject blood into the aorta |
| multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scan | most accurate noninvasive test that can measure the left ventricle's ejection fraction during rest and activity |
| myocardial oxygen demand | amount of oxygen the heart needs to perform its work |
| orthopnea | breathing that is eased by sitting upright |
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | being awakened by breathlessness |
| preload | degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole |
| pulmonary vascular bed | capillary network surrounding the alveoli |
| right-sided heart failure | condition taht occurs when the right ventricle fails to completely eject its diastolic filling volume |
| ventricular assist device | auxillary heart pump that supplements the heart's ability to eject blood |
