| A | B |
|---|
| Renaissance | A time period in history around the 13 hundreds when there was a rebirth/ revival of culture after the medieval period (renaissance: rebirth) |
| Culture | a way of life (language, religion, system of education, type of government, in a particular civilization) |
| City-State | a city that also functions as if it were a country |
| Patron | someone who gives a financial support to someone else |
| Humanism | an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics |
| Secular | not of the clergy |
| Perspective | to draw something to make the picture appear three-dimensional |
| Realism | to draw a picture and use special techniques to make the picture appear realistic. |
| Humanities | A study of subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history that were taught in ancient Greece and Rome |
| Papal Supremacy | the belief that the pope is the most powerful figure on earth |
| Theology | the study of the nature of God and religious belief |
| Theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god |
| Indulgences | “forgiveness” of sins for you and your relatives |
| Recant | say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief |
| Heretic | a person believing in or practicing religious views not approved by the pope or clergy |
| Engraving | an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid |
| Vernacular | everyday language of ordinary people |
| Utopian | any ideal society often with the implication that such a society is ultimately impractical |
| Heresy | the spreading of beliefs that go against the catholic church |
| Diet | an assembly of German princes |
| renaissance | rebirth, a revival of or renewed interest in something |
| Predestination | the idea that god had long ago determined who would gain salvation |
| scapegoat | someone (or a grouping of people) who is falsely accused or blamed for an event |
| ghetto | Part of the city in which Jews were forced to live in |
| heliocentric | based on the belief that the sun is the center of the univers |
| hypothesis | possible explanation |
| gravity | a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun |
| chivalry | the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code |
| clergy | The body of all people ordained for religious duties, esp. in the Christian Church. |
| excommunicate | Exclusion from the Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey church laws |
| divorce | to dissolve a marriage (not recognized by the Catholic Church) |
| annul | to declare a marriage null and void. It is normally retroactive (the marriage never happened) |
| utopia | describes an ideal society in which men and women live in peace and harmony |
| Justification by Faith | was the principal doctrine of the Protestant Reformation. You can go to heaven based on your faith |
| Printing press | Invented by Johannes Gutenberg. Featured removable type and allowed for faster sharing of materials and books. |
| Monopoly | having complete control over a product with no competition |
| conquistador | a conqueror, one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Perú in the 16th century |
| navigation | determining the direction to travel |
| scurvy | a disease in the gums which is caused by the lack of Vitamin C |
| caravel | 2 or 3 masted ship with sails making it easier to sail into the wind |
| circumnavigate | to sail round the world |
| colonization | send a group of settlers to a place and establish political control over it |
| astrolabe | instrument used to measure the latitude of the sun and stars to help determine latitude. |
| encomienda | the right to demand work from natives in South America |
| privateers | French and English private ships hired to attack Spanish and Portuguese ships to steal cargo |
| alliances | Partnership or friendship for common goals. |
| ransom | a payment demanded of people to have something of value returned safely |
| cartographers | map makers |
| entrepreneur | A person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit |
| inflation | a rise in prices |
| immunity | resistance to illnesses after being exposed to them for a certain amount of time |
