| A | B |
|---|
| Mineral | A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| Mohs hardness scale | A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals. |
| Rock | the material that forms Earth’s hard surface. |
| Igneous Rock | A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. |
| Extrusive Rock | Igneous Rock that forms from lava on Earth’s surface. |
| Intrusive Rock | Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust. |
| Granite | A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust. |
| Sedimentary Rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. |
| Sediment | Small solid particles of material from rocks or organisms which are moved by water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition. |
| Cementation | The process by which dissolved minerals crystallized and glue particles of sediment together into one mass. |
| Organic Rock | Sedimentary rock that forms where remains of organisms are deposited in thick layers. |
| Clastic Rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure. |
| Chemical Rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution. |
| Metamorphic Rock | A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| Foliated | Term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands. |
| Rock Cycle | A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another. |
