| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basin unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cels |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| nucleus | the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neautrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain a nucleus |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
| cytoplasm | in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cells contents |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| vacuole | cell organelle taht stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| lysosome | cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecues that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement |
| centriole | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| ribosome | cell organelle consisting of RNa and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place were lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cel |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| cell wall | strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells |
| lipid bilayer | felxible double- layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a abrrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| selectively permeable | property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrance |
| diffusion | process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| facilitated diffusion | process of diffusion in which molecules oass across the membrane through cell membrane channels |
| aquaporin | water channel protein in a cel |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | wehn comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, hte solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| osmotic pressure | pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane |
