| A | B |
| Scribe | A professional writer. |
| City-State | A city that is also a separate, independent state. |
| Polytheism | The belief in many gods. |
| Empire | Many territories and peoples controlled by one government. |
| Caravan | A group of travelers journeying together. |
| Code | An organized list of laws and rules. |
| Cuneiform | Groups of wedges and lines used to write several languages of the Fertile Crescent. |
| Alphabet | A set of symbols that represent the sounds of a language. |
| Monotheism | The belief in one god. |
| Famine | A time when there is so little food that many people starve. |