| A | B |
|---|
| cell division | process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
| asexual reproduction | process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are geneticaly identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism |
| chromosome | threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are foun in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, htey are found in the cytoplasm |
| chromatin | substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
| cell cycle | series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
| interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions |
| mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visable |
| cerntromere | region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach |
| chromatid | one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| centriole | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| telophase | phase of mitotis in which the distinct individual chromosomees begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin |
| cyclin | one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells |
| growth factor | one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| apoptosis | process of programmed cell death |
| cancer | disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth |
| tumor | mass of rapidly divinding cells that can damage surrounding tissue |
| embryo | developing stage of amulticellular organism |
| differentiation | process in which cells become specialized ins tructure and function |
| totipotent | cells that are able to develop into any tyoer of cell found in the body (including the cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta) |
| blastocyst | stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells |
| pluripotent | cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types |
| stem cell | unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells |
| multipotent | cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells |
