| A | B |
|---|
| old immigrants | Immigrants from the late 1800's from Northern Europe |
| new immigrants | From southern/eastern Europe |
| Why new immigrants came to U.S. | To escape political/religious persecution and job opportunities |
| steerage | Area below a ship's deck where steering mechanisms were located |
| Where European immigrants were processed | Ellis Island in the NY harbour |
| How many immigrants were rejected at process centers | Less than 2 percent |
| Where the Asian immigrants were processed | Angel Island on the West Coast near San Francisco |
| Where did Mexican immigrants get processed | El Paso, Texas |
| Where did immigrants go once they were processed? | Many settle in neighborhoods with people from their country |
| Amadeo Peter Giannini | Started the Bank of Italy later became Bank of America |
| benevolent societies | Aid organizations that offered immigrants help in cases of sickness, unemployment or death |
| tenements | poorly built, overcrowded apartment buildings |
| What type of jobs did immigrants take? | Low-paying, unskilled jobs in garment factories, steel mills or construction. |
| Sweatshops | Workplaces that were unhealthy, hot and where immigrants worked long hrs. |
| Why did Nativists fear immigrants? | They thought immigrants would not learn American customs which might harm American society. |
| Why did labor unions oppose immigration? | They believed the immigrants would take the jobs away from native-born Americans |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Law that banned Chinese people from immigrating to the U.S. for 10 yrs. The law marked the 1st time a nationality was banned from U.S. |
| Groups who populated urban areas | new immigrants, african americans & rural families |
| Why Chicago had most rapid growth | Railroad lines connecting east/west ran through Chicago making it the nation's heard of trade |
| Problem with building taller buildings | Material available was too weak or too heavy |
| Louis Sullivan | Chicago architect who designed the skyscraper |
| Elisha Otis | Invented the safety elevator |
| Mass Transit | Public transportation designed to move many people |
| Types of mass transit | elevated trains, subways, cable/street cars |
| Mass culture | Leisure/cultural activities shared by many people |
| Two leading newspaper owners | Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst |
| Department stores | Giant retail shops |
| World fairs | Where merchants/inventors would showcase their products/inventions |
| Coney Island | One of the first amusement parks in NY. First rollercoaster |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | Designed Central Park, NY |
| suburbs | residential neighborhoods on the outskirts of city |
