| A | B |
|---|
| This man's reign saw the Bulavin Rebellion and Fedor Golovin's failed Grand Embassy. His half-sister Sophia led a rebellion of soldiers upset with his progressive reforms, the Streltsy Uprising. He divided his nation into eight guberniia, each further divided into uzeda. After working as a shipbuilder in Europe, he captured Azov with his newly-built Imperial Navy. His second wife, Catherine I, took over upon his death, and he won the Battle of Poltava against Charles XII's Sweden in the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this westernizing Russian Tsar who built a new capital city in honor of a saint with whom he shared a name. | Peter I or Peter the Great of Russia |
| This man led the Huns over from Central Asia, and was known as the scourge of God. | Attila the Hun |
| Attila went on to invade Italy, but was stopped from sacking Rome by Valentinian III's envoys, which included Avienus, Trigetius, and this pope. | Pope Leo I or Leo the Great |
| This man was elected by a kuriltai held at Shang-Tu, and defeated his rival to the throne, Arigboge. While paper money had been in use since the Sung dynasty, this man made it the sole currency in his nation. He divided his nation into four categories of nationalities, with han-jen and Man-tzu being inferior to the se-mu jen. This ruler succeeded his brother Mongke. Il Milione is partially an account of Marco Polo’s experiences in this man’s court. His descent from Genghis Khan has been disputed, but he did bring Mongol rule to a nation he unified. For 10 points, name this founder of the Yuan dynasty in China. | Kublai Khan or Kuhbilai Khan or Kubla Khan |
| After the Battle of Eylau, this commander forced the enemy army to retreat across the Łyna River in a later battle. Signatory to a treaty ceding the Austrian Netherlands and Lombardy, the Treaty of Camp Formio, this man put down a riot with "a whiff of grapeshot." He defeated the Mameluks at the Battle of the Pyramids, but Horatio Nelson destroyed his ships in the Battle of the Nile. Occupying the Pratzen Heights ensured his victory at Austerlitz. He was exiled to St. Helena after his defeat at the hands of Blücher and Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. For 10 points, name this Corsican-born first Emperor of France. | Napoleon I |
| This Mecca-born man received the Qur'an from Gabriel, becoming the founder and prophet of Islam. | Muhammad |
| This leader of the Muslim League broke with Gandhi and advanced his Two-Nation Theory in the Lahore Resolution. | Muhammad Ali Jinnah |
| One emperor of this dynasty created Din-I-Ilahi, a religious system that combined Zoroastrianism, Islam, Hinduism, and Jainism. The Afghan leader Sher Shah of Sur expelled the second emperor of this dynasty, Humayun. This dynasty temporarily repealed the traditional Jizya tax on non-Muslims until its ruler Au•rang•zeb took power. This dynasty's Shah Jahan drained the treasury with many costly wars and created the Taj Mahal for his dead wife. For 10 points, name this Indian dynasty ruled by Akbar the Great and Babur. | the Mughal Dynasty |
| This ruler mandated the baptism of slaves and banished Jews with his Code Noir, and built a retirement home for injured war veterans. This man's reign saw uprisings ended by the Peace of Rueil, the two Frondes. He closed down Protestant schools and revoked the Edict of Nantes by issuing the Edict of Fountainbleau, and fought for nine years against the League of Augsburg. He was advised by finance minister Colbert and Cardinal Mazarin, and had built the palace of Versailles. For 10 points, name this long-ruling "Sun King" of France. | Louis XIV of France |
| This man's administration settled the Alabama Claims in the Treaty of Washington. He appointed the Seneca Indian Ely S. Parker as Commissioner of Indian Affairs. This president’s veto of the Inflation Bill led to a return to the gold standard the next year in the Specie Resumption Act. His personal secretary, Orville Babcock, was implicated in the Whiskey Ring, and Oakes Ames sold shares to this man’s vice president, Schuyler Colfax, in the Crédit Mobilier scandal. For 10 points, name this American general who obtained an unconditional surrender at Appomattox from Robert E. Lee | Ulysses S. Grant |
| This man removed Salvador Allende from power, becoming dictator of Chile for nearly 20 years, engineering the "miracle of Chile." | Augusto Pinochet |
| The height of the Mali empire came under man, who came to power in 1307. He founded Sankore University in Timbuktu and is known for his journey to Mecca, which resulted in a drastic decrease in the price of gold. | Mansa Musa I |
| The Aztecs were conquered by a mix of guns, Tlaxcalan Indians, and the sheer willpower of this conquistador who in 1521 besieged Tenochtitlan and effectively destroyed the Aztec Empire. | Hernando Cortes |
| Contrary to popular belief, this Aztec king was not actually the last of the Aztec rulers—his nephew, Cuauhtemoc reigned during the last days of the Aztec Empire. | Montezuma II |
| During this politician’s campaign, he was criticized for saying that ten cents a day was enough for a worker. His attempts to replace Brigham Young as Governor of the Utah Territory became known as his namesake Blunder. Economic troubles during his presidency were sparked by the wreck of a ship carrying bullion, the Central America. This president’s party split during its next convention, leading to his vice president, John C. Breckinridge, being nominated along with Steven Douglas. He lobbied the Supreme Court to vote in favor of the rights of slaveholders in the Dred Scott case. For 10 points, name this Democratic president, who failed to act in the face of secession | James Buchanan |
| In the third Syrian campaign, this leader led attacks on Jerusalem and Jericho, reestablishing his nation's sphere of influence in Syria. The Sed festival was held to celebrate this ruler's ascension to godhood. He sponsored the construction of the hypostyle hall at Karnak and completed construction begun under his father Seti. He signed a peace treaty with Hattusili III after winning a battle where the main Hittite army hid behind the fortress of Kadesh. At Abu Simbel, his wife Nefertari has a temple. For 10 points, name this “great” Egyptian pharaoh. | Ramses II or Ramses the Great |
| This Byzantine emperor prompted the First Crusade by asking Pope Urban II for help at the Council of Piacenza. His daughter Anna wrote a namesake chronicle of his reign. | Alexius I |
| This English king and son of Eleanor of Aquitaine fought in the Third Crusade, where he won the Battle of Arsuf and captured Cyprus along the way | Richard I (the lion heart) |
| This Ayyubid sultan captured Guy of Lusignan after winning the Battle of Hattin, and signed the Treaty of Ramla with Richard I, opening Jerusalem to Christian pilgrims. | Saladin |
| This leader fought in the Uruguayan Civil War, and his Redshirts embarked on the Expedition of the Thousand. | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| ] This revolutionary advocated "One Independent, Free Republic" and founded the Young Italy movement. | Giuseppe Mazzini |
| This king of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia became the first king of a united Italy in 1861 | Victor Emmanuel II of Italy |
| One ruler of this name and number suppressed the Lollards with the support of Thomas Arundrel. Another was assassinated by Francois Ravillac. The latter also won at Ivry and gained power following the Day of the Barricades and the execution of the Duc of Guise. One ruler of this name and number was the son of John of Gaunt and, after fighting unsuccessfully in Lithuania, took the throne while Richard II was fighting in Ireland. Another ruler with this name and number begged Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness outside of Canossa. For 10 points, give the shared name and number of these rulers, including the issuer of the Edict of Nantes who thought Paris was worth a mass. | Henry IV |
| An early unifier of these people, whose groups included the Ripuarians and Chatti, converted to Christianity after the Battle of Tolbiac. Agnatic succession excluded females from inheriting fiefdoms, as codified in the Salic law governing these people. A succession of "do-nothing" kings governed these people following Dagobert I, and their country was divided into three parts in the Treaty of Verdun. Their Merovingian and Carolingian rulers included Clovis and Charles Martel. For 10 points, name this Germanic people whose rulers also included Charlemagne, the namesake of a country whose cities include Nice and Paris. | Franks or Frankish people |
| Before coming to power, this man led an armed landing on the yacht Granma, and his attempt to have his predecessor tried through his Zarpazo petition failed. He made his “History Will Absolve Me” speech after a failed attack on the Moncada barracks, and then went on to lead the 26th of July Movement. Many emigrants left this ruler’s country when he opened up the port of Mariel. Along with Camilo Cienfuegos and Che Guevara, he led the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista. For 10 points, name this man who recently handed power over to his brother Raul after ruling for over forty years in Cuba. | Castro |
| This first Pope has a Vatican City basilica named after him and guards the Pearly Gates. | St. (Simon) Peter |
| This patron saint of England is known for killing a dragon. | St. George |
| This man served as prime minister twice, during which Britain fought against Napoleon, and united with Ireland in the Act of Union of 1800. | William Pitt the Younger |
| This man had an intense rivalry with Benjamin Disreali, and supported Irish Home Rule | William Ewart Gladstone |
| This man took over as Secretary of State after Abel Upshur was killed in an explosion, and as Secretary of War, he called for Andrew Jackson to be censured for invading Spanish Florida. This politician’s wife, Floride, was chief among those to shun Peggy Eaton in the Petticoat Affair, which, along with a break over his president’s support of the Tariff of Abominations, led to this man’s replacement as vice president. In his essay “South Carolina Exposition and Protest”, he advanced the doctrine of nullification. For 10 points, name this South Carolina senator, and vice president to both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. | John Calhoun |
| This man was unable to participate in the invasion of Normandy because earlier he had slapped a weeping soldier and called him a coward. He led a fictitious “First Army” Group that was intended to mislead the Germans as to where D-Day would happen. He led the Third Army during Operation Torch, and led the U.S. Seventh Army into Palermo during a campaign to liberate Sicily. He commanded his army to defend the town of Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge. For 10 points, name this WWII general nicknamed "Old Blood and Guts." | George Smith Patton |
| This king of Sweden fought at the battles of Brientenfeld and Lutzen, at the start of the Thirty Years' War. | Gustavus Adolphus |
| During this man's time as the Secretary of Commerce, he ran the “Own Your Own Home” campaign which promoted single-family houses. After World War I, he directed the American Relief Administration. Some of this president's domestic programs included the Federal Farm Board and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. He sent Douglas MacArthur to break up the Bonus Army. His administration increased tariff rates to the highest in history in the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. Shantytowns became known as his namesake “villes.” For 10 points, name this president whose term saw the beginning of the Great Depression, who was succeeded by Franklin Roosevelt. | Herbert Hoover |
| This woman wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls. | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Arrested for voting in the 1872 presidential election, this woman published a weekly journal entitled The Revolution and founded the National Women's Suffrage Association along with Stanton. | Susan Brownell Anthony |
| Name this royal house, whose most famous member was Holy Roman Emperor Charles V of Spain. | the House of Habsburg or Hapsburg |
| This last Habsburg king of Spain ruled until 1700 and did not learn to walk until he was eight. The War of Devolution was fought over this man's right to the throne of the Spanish Netherlands. | Charles II of Spain |
| Interbreeding worked out much better for this King of Prussia, whose grandparents George I and Sophia Charlotte of Hanover were siblings. He conquered Silesia and enlightened the throne of Prussia. | Frederick II or Frederick the Great |
| To win a second term in office, this politician defeated Jesse M. "Big Daddy" Unruh. He first emerged as a presidential candidate in 1968 after finishing third in his party's convention. As governor, this man signed a pro-choice bill, though he would later recant his positions on abortion. This man's presidency saw the Air Traffic Control strike. After this man was temporarily incapacitated, Alexander Haig declared "I am in control here.” He declared the War on Drugs and defeated Walter Mondale and bombed Libya. For 10 points, name this American Republican president who was a big fan of supply-side economics and defeated Jimmy Carter in 1980. | Ronald Reagan |
| The Lend-Lease Act was signed by this president of the United States during WWII. | Franklin D. Roosevelt [accept FDR] |
| This man ruled Athens through the first part of the Peloponnesian war before he died of the plague afflicting Athens. | Pericles |
| This emperor of Japan during World War II was forced give the Ningen-sengen renouncing his divinity. | Emperor Hirohito |
| This Polish pope pardoned his would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Ağca [AA-jah] and reigned for the second longest time period, from 1978 to 2005, before being replaced by Benedict XVI | John Paul II |
| This Spanish pope, born Rodrigo Borgia, was notorious for his debauchery and corruption, as evinced by his Bulls of Donation and his appointment of Cesare to the College of Cardinals. Savonarola was the mortal enemy of this pope. | Alexander VI |
| This thinker posits that Satan claims all unredeemed humans in On the Bondage of the Will. Another of his works denies that Extreme Unction and Matrimony are sacraments. He wrote a work displayed prominently at Nuremberg rallies which advocates killing Jews. In addition authoring to On the Jews and their Lies and On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, he said "Here I stand; I can do no other. God help me," while being tried at the Diet of Worms, and translated the Bible into German. For 10 points, name this man who railed against indulgences in the 95 Theses. | Martin Luther |
| The Mandate of Heaven was first invoked by this long-lasting dynasty in overthrowing the Shāng. The Spring and Autumn period took place during this dynasty's rule. | Zhōu or Chōu dynasty |
| Following the Xīnhài Revolution, this author of The Three Principles of the People founded the Kuo•min•tang and was the first president of the Republic of China. | Sun Yat-sen |
| This first Englishman to circumnavigate the world plundered ships such as Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and Mary, in his flagship the Golden Hind. | Sir Francis Drake |
| A supporter of the Blues, this Byzantine emperor was nearly overthrown in the Nika riots. He promulgated a legal code and his queen was Theodora. | Justinian I or the Great |
| Alexander’s general campaign against Persia ended in a victory over this King, who eventually fled to Bactria and was killed by Bessus. This man’s death marked the end of the Achaemenid dynasty. | Darius III [or Codommanus] |
| He was nicknamed "hammer of the Scots" but faced the rebellion of William Wallace. Name this tall English monarch who succeeded Henry III and expelled the Jews from England | Edward I or Edward Longshanks |
| The winning Scottish commander at Bannockburn was this man who had killed his rival John Comyn and became King of the Scots. | Robert I of Scotland or the Bruce |
| This man was subject to an attack campaign about his supposed use of gold spoons to dine. He advocated for the return of slaves to Spain after the rebellion on La Amistad. His tenure saw a raid led by Allan MacNab that resulted in the death of Amos Durfee, the Caroline affair. He engineered the Bucktails political machine, and was known as the Little Magician for exploiting the system. His term also saw the Aroostook War with Great Britain. He was the leader of the Albany Regency, and the first president born as an American citizen. For 10 points, name this man who later ran on the Free Soil party ticket, the 8th president of the U.S. and successor to Andrew Jackson. | Martin van Buren |
| This man became Secretary of State by being a favorite of the queen's most powerful minister, Concino Cocinni. The backing of his king allowed him to retain power after almost being dismissed by the queen mother on the Day of the Dupes, which occurred while tensions caused by the Thirty Years War were at a breaking point. He also instigated the Siege of La Rochelle and was originally supported by Marie di Medici. For 10 points, name this man who held the power behind Louis XIII, a cardinal. | Cardinal Richelieu |
| The overthrow of Abdul Hamid led to the fall of this empire established by Osman I which reached its height under Suleiman the Magnificent. | Ottoman Empire |
| This man commanded Turkish troops at Gallipoli and fought in the Turkish War of Independence. He later became the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |
| This man was a former slave who overthrew direct French rule in his island nation. He is known for his Camp Turel Declaration, as well as overrunning Santo Domingo to free the slaves. | Toussaint L'Ouverture |
| This politician’s vice president was Francisco Santander, and he led a state whose divisions included Cundinamarca. This man wrote a “Reply … to a Gentleman of” the title island in his Letter from Jamaica. He brought back an exiled Francisco Miranda. A Spanish army surrendered to him at the Battle of Boyacá, and the Battle of Pichincha was won with the help of Antonio de Sucre. He blamed the fall of the First Republic on a weak government in his Cartagena Manifesto, and assembled a congress at Angostura. For 10 points, name this Liberator of much of South America, the namesake of a country with capitals at La Paz and Sucre. | Simón Bolívar |
| This author’s books include The Naval War of 1812 and a four-volume history of American westward expansion, The Winning of the West. His vice president was Charles Fairbanks, and he oversaw the passage of railroad regulations such as the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act as part of his “Square Deal.” He negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth that ended the Russo-Japanese War, and also names a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. In 1912, he split the Republican vote with William Howard Taft on the Bull Moose ticket. For 10 points, name this man who became president after the assassination of William McKinley, and who led a charge on San Juan Hill with his Roughriders. | Theodore Roosevelt |
| This president returned to the Senate after his presidency and was almost convicted of violating the Tenure of Office Act for firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. | Andrew Johnson |
| As Supreme Court chief justice, this former president's decision in Myers v. U.S. held the Tenure of Office Act unconstitutional. As president, he enacted the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. | William Howard Taft |
| This president returned to the House of Representatives after his single term in office, won through a "Corrupt Bargain" with Henry Clay | John Quincy Adams |
| This ruler of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta after losing the lands in southern France to Phillip II at Bouvines. | John Plantagenet or Lackland or Softsword |
| This "beloved" king was nearly assassinated by Robert Damiens. When he was young, Philippe d'Orléans governed as his regent. | Louis XV of France |
| This king had the honor of being imprisoned for the last nine years of his life for being mentally insane, and was unpopular for losing the Revolutionary War to America. | George III |
