| A | B |
|---|
| organic compounds | contain carbon;most also contain hydrogen |
| four | the number of bonds formed by carbon |
| triglyceride | 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| dehydration synthesis | putting together compounds by removing water |
| hydrolysis | breaking apart compounds by adding water |
| disaccharide | formed by joining two simple sugars (monosaccharides) |
| polysaccharide | formed from 3 or more monosaccharides |
| starch | stored polysaccharides in plants |
| glycogen | stored polysaccharides in animals |
| saturated lipid | contains single bonds only |
| unsaturated lipid | contains double bonds |
| fat | solid, saturated lipid, found in animals |
| oil | liquid, unsaturated lipid, found in plants |
| macromolecule | polymer made of smaller molecules |
| carbohydrates | contain C,H,O with H and O in a 2:1 ratio, quick source of energy |
| monosaccharides | monomer of carbohydrates, single sugar, classification for glucose |
| glucose | monosaccharide simple sugar |
| disaccharide | two sugars, a carbohydrate |
| sucrose | disaccharide made of glucose and fructose |
| fructose | monosaccharide common in fruit |
| polysaccharide | very large sugar |
| glycogen | carbohydrate energy storage in animals |
| starch | polysaccharide energy storage in plants |
| lipids | molecule that mostly contains C & O and is not water soluble |
| saturated fat | no double bonds, bad for you |
| unsaturated fat | lipid with one or more double bonds |
| phospholipid | in cell membrane, hydrophobic and hydrophilic |
| wax | one form of lipids |
| steroid | one form of lipids |
| cholesterol | one form of lipids |
| structural carbohydrate | cellulous of plant cell wall |
| chitin | carbohydrate makes insect exoskelton |
| synthesis | make |
| organic chemistry | study of carbon based molecules |
| macromolecules | relatively large molecules |
| cellulose | structural carbohydrate found in plant cell wall |
| glycoprotein | oligosaccharide attached to a protein that functions as cell-to-cell recognition |
| glycolipid | carbohydrates attached to a lipid that functions as cell-to-cell recognition |
| monomer | one molecule that may bind with other molecules to form a polymer |
| polymer | many molecules bonded together |
| polymerization | chemical reaction that bonds monomers into a polymer |
| anabolic | metabolic pathway that constructs a molecule |
| catabolic | metabolic pathway that breaks down a molecule |
| phosphate group | functional group comprised of phosphorus attached to four oxygen |
| glycerol | a simple compound central to all lipids known as triglycerides |
| fructose | dietary monosaccharide known as fruit sugar |
| galactose | dietary monosaccharide that when bound with glucose forms the disaccharide lactose |
| oligosaccharides | carbohydrates made of 2 to 10 monosaccharides |
| glycosidic | covalent bond that joins carbohydrates |
| ester bond | bond between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of glycerol |
| hormone | chemical ligand that serves as a cell signal |
| chlorophyll | lipid based green pigment that allows plants to absorb energy from the Sun |
