| A | B |
|---|
| Civil War 49-46 BC | Pompey v. Caesar |
| Pharsalus 49 BC | battle between Caesar and Pompey, in which Pompey was defeated and routed |
| Zela 47 BC | battle against the forces of Pompey who had gone to Syria. Caesar defeated them |
| Ptolemy XIII | king of Egypt who killed Pompey as a favor to Caesar |
| Cleopatra | elder sister of Ptolemy with whom he was at war |
| Macedonians | the ethnic descent of Cleopatra and Ptolemy, from Greece, descendants of Alexander's generals |
| Marcus Antonius | wartime lieutenant of Caesar and co-consul with him at the time of his death |
| magister equitum | second in command to a dictator |
| senate | enlarged to 900 men to replace the members killed during the civil war |
| dictator | head of the Roman state during time of crisis. Caesar was dictator and one of two consuls every year till his death |
| portoria | a tax on goods entering or leaving Italian harbors, used to pay for building projects |
| calendar | reorganized by Caesar, days added, leap year added, Julius (7th month) added |
| Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus | led conspiracy to assasinate Julius Caesar on the Ides of March 44 BC |
| Portia | wife of Brutus who loved her husband with great loyalty and vowed to keep secret his plans |
| Lepidus | magister equitum to Marcus Antonius |
| Caesar's will | left a small sum to every citizen of Rome |
| Octavian | grandnephew to Caesar and adoptive heir |
| Philippics | speeches against Marcus Antonius by Cicero urging the senate to give its full support to Octavian NOT Antonius |
| lex Titia | bill which brought together Lepidus, Octavian and Antonius to take joint control of the state. |
| Philippi | battle between the forces of Brutus/Cassius and Antonius/Octavian |
| Sextus Pompeius | Pompey's son who raised an armed revolt in Sicily and called himself a second Neptune |
| Marcus Agrippa | friend to Octavian, experienced in military affairs, defeated the force of Sextus Pompeius |
| Caesarion | son of Caesar and Cleopatra |
| Alexander Sun and Cleopatra Moon | children of Cleopatra and Marcus Antonius |
| Octavia | sister of Octavian married to Antonius |
| Livia | second wife of Octavian with two sons from a previous marriage |
| Actium 31 BC | sea battle in which the forces of Antonius and Cleopatra were driven off by Agrippa at the head of the Roman fleet |
