| A | B |
|---|
| Where did most of the "old" immigrants--those who came before 1890--come from? | northern & western Europe (Germany, England, Scotland, Ireland) |
| Where did most "new" immigrants come from after 1890? | southern and eastern Europe (Italy, Russia, Poland) |
| What was one of the effects of increased immigration to the United States in the late 1800s? | cheap labor, urbanization, ethnic neighborhoods |
| What process do labor unions try to use to secure a contract with good wages and better working conditions? | collective bargaining |
| Which act was a result of nativism? | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| What type of housing did poor immigrants in urban areas live in during the late-1800s? | tenements |
| What industry was controlled by Andrew Carnegie? | steel |
| Which business structure enabled John D. Rockefeller to control the oil industry? | Standard Oil Trust (trusts) |
| What term describes an economic system with very little government regulation? | laissez-faire capitalism |
| Which methods were used by business leaders to grow the size of their companies? | horizontal and vertical integration |
| What business structure enabled business leaders to eliminate competition during the late-1800s? | trust |
| What term is used to describe the efforts to oppose foreign immigration? | nativism |
| Which theory explained the growing wealth of America's business leaders during the late-1800s? | Social Darwinism |
| What is associated with Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth"? | donating funds to libraries, schools, and hospitals |
| What did workers form to fight for better working conditions in the late 1800s? | labor unions |
| Which labor union focused on obtaining higher wages and better working conditions? | American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
| What tactic did the American Federation of Labor (AFL) use achieve their goals? | strikes and collective bargaining |
| What is it called when a labor union refuses to work until they are paid higher wages? | strike |
| What were the organizations that controlled local and state political parties in the late-1800s called? | political machines |
| Which individual became infamous for corruption as the boss of New York City's Tammany Hall political machine? | William M. "Boss" Tweed |
| Political machines grew in power by attracting the support of which group? | immigrants |
| What problems were caused by urbanization in the United States during the late-1800s? | overcrowding, sanitation, fires, crime |
