| A | B |
|---|
| cell cycle | the regular pattern of growth; DNA duplication and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cell |
| mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus |
| cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
| chromosone | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
| histones | protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps |
| chromatin | loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase |
| chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | sister chromatids are held together at the centromere-a region of the condensed chromosome that looked pinched |
| telomeres | the ends of DNA molecules from structures, which are made of reating nucleotides that do not form genes |
| prophase | chromatin condensed into tightly coiled chromosomes |
| metaphase | the spindle fibers attach to a protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome and align the chromosones along the cell equator- around the middle of the cell |
| anaphase | sisters chromatids separate from each other. The spindle fibers begin to shorten which puls the sister chromatids away from each other and toward opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell |
| growth factors | a broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death. It occurs when internal or external signals activate genes that help produce self-destructive enzymes |
| cancer | the common name for a class of diseases |
| benign | tumor that cancer cells typically remail clustered together |
| malignant | cancerous tumor in which it breaks away |
| metastasize | cancer cells spread from one part of the body to another |
| carcinogens | substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer |
| asexual reproduction | the creation of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining of gametes |
| binary fission | the asexual reproduction of a single celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts |
