| A | B |
|---|
| Graphics | – anything on a page that is not actual text, from simple line drawings to fully active images found on the World Wide Web |
| Lossless | integrity is retained as image is resized |
| Lossy | some pixels are lost when the image is resized |
| Portability | ease at which files are opened, modified, and viewed across software and browsers |
| Transparency | allows the background color of an image to be replaced or changed so that the graphic can blend into the background |
| Raster Graphics | also called bitmap graphics, images composed of grids of pixels that have a fixed resolution (number of pixels per inch) and cannot be resized without losing image quality |
| GIF | Graphics Interchange Format |
| JPEG | Joint Photographic Experts Group |
| BMP | Bitmap (Windows) |
| PNG | Portable Network Graphic |
| TIFF | Tagged Interleave Format |
| Vector Graphics | composed of mathematical formulas that define lines, nodes (drawing points) and curves of digital images; can be 2D or 3D; edited in draw programs |
| AI | Adobe Illustrator |
| EPS | Encapsulated Postscript |
| CDR | Corel Draw |
| DXF | AutoCAD |
| SVG | Scalable Vector Graphics |
| PLT | Hewlett Packard Graphics Language Plot File |
| Typography | reproduction of letters on a page |
| Times | – first designed for the Times of London newspaper in 1932 |
| Courier New | – designed as a typewriter face for IBM to emulate typewriter output for reports, tabular work, and technical documentation |
| Comic Sans MS | originally developed for comic books |
| Century Schoolbook | originally developed by Century magazine; later adapted and widely used in elementary textbooks and reading primers |
| Tahoma | used for small sized text in dialog boxes and menus; can be rotated and scaled |
| Trebuchet MS | designed for easy screen readability |
| Georgia | developed to address the challenges of on-screen display |
| Century Gothic | originally developed to ensure satisfactory output from modern digital systems |
| Typeface | a specific style applied to a font |
| Font | a specific size, weight, and style applied to a character (letter, number, symbol) |
| Font style | the slant and weight of a character, such as bold or italic. |
| Font Family | a group of similarly formatted characters |
| Serifs | letters that have attributes on the tips that add weight and dimension |
| Sans Serifs | letters do not have attributes (serifs) on the tips |
| Ornamental/Decorative | designed strictly to catch the eye; should be used sparingly |
| Script | typefaces that appear to have been written by hand, with a calligraphy pen, or a brush; should never be used to key in all caps |
| Concord | a calm and harmonious layout |
| Conflict | using two different type faces that are similar, but not different enough to stand apart from each other |
| Contrast | effects on type face, size, and/or weight used to: |
| Monospace | letters share an equal amount of space, no matter their size |
| Proportional | letters take up space relative to their size |
| Leading | vertical spacing of lines of text |
| Kerning | horizontal spacing between letters |
| Tracking | vertical spacing between lines or blocks of text |
| Oversized curly quotes | can add interest to pull quotes in a design |
| En dashes | for showing the duration or range of an event |
| Em dashes | for use in place of double hyphens |
| Hyphens | used to separate numbers and/or letters |
| Multimedia | a computer based, interactive experience that incorporates text, graphics, sound, video, and virtual reality. |
| Multimedia Titles | specific products, including CD-ROM/DVD-based games like “Flight Simulator” and educational titles like such as “Grandma and Me.” |
| Copyright | is legal protection that grants rights to its owners. |
| Fair Use | is material that can be used without infringing on a copyright. |
| Animated pictures | “hot spots” or “jumps” to locate another file or page; represented by a graphic or colored and underlined text. |
| Hyperlinks | allow the end user to navigate between slides, additional elements (i.e. Word and Excel documents), audio, video clips, and other interactive parts of the presentation. |
| Navigation buttons or controls | how the user interfaces with a multimedia presentation on an electronic presentation or a web site. |
| Asymmetrical balance | distribution achieved by arranging non-identical elements on both sides of a centerline on the screen |
| Balance | is the distribution of optical weight in the layout of an image. |
| Build Effect | an effect applied to text that makes it appear on a slide in increments of one letter, word or section at a time; keeps the audience’s attention and does not allow the audience to read or see past what the speaker is explaining. |
| Interactivity | is the ability of the user to interact with an application. |
| Inter-screen unity | is the design that users encounter as they navigate from one screen to another; provides consistency throughout a title. |
| Intra-screen unity | is how the various screens elements relate on the same screen. |
| Linear presentations | author of the presentation controls the flow of information in the application. |
| No balance | a design that has elements arranged on the screen without regard to the weight on both sides of the centerline. |
| Non-linear presentation | allows the user to interact with a presentation and control how the information will be viewed; allows the user to be active rather than passive during the delivery of the information. |
| Optical center | a point somewhat above the physical center of the screen. |
| Optical weight | the ability of an element such as a graphic, text, headline, or subheading to attract the user’s eye. |
| Rollover | function performed as the mouse pointer rolls over and points to an object |
| Sequential navigational scheme | takes the user through a controlled, linear process. |
| Symmetrical balance | distribution achieved by arranging elements as horizontal or vertical mirrored images on both sides of the center line of a screen. |
| Treatment | — how a presentation will be offered to the user; that is, the look and feel of the presentation. |
| Authoring Programs | programs used to create full, multimedia productions, such as simulations and tutorials; most have some point-and-click features, but require some knowledge of programming language concepts; i.e., Microsoft Visual Basic, Macromedia Director. |
| Director Shockwave Studio | is a compressive authoring package that allows developers to create multimedia applications. |
| Hypercard | one of the first multimedia authoring programs to use the card metaphor |
| Icon-based program | a multimedia authoring program that uses a flowchart scheme to represent content or a particular event |
| Macromedia Director | time-based authoring program that uses a movie metaphor. |
| Macromedia Flash | an animation program for developing 2-D animations delivered on the Web. |
| OpenScript | is a scripting language for Toolbook. |
| Players | are programs that allow users to run multimedia applications on their computers. |
| Programming languages | languages used to create applications and, in multimedia, to produce sophisticated features such as creating animations and searching databases |
| Script | is program code for a specific task such as a rollover. |
| Scripting Languages | programming languages used to create scripts. |
| Shockwave | program that allows an Internet user to play applications created with Macromedia Director. |
| SML | (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) — a program created to enable developers to specify what should be presented, when it should be presented, and to control the use of transitions within a presentation. |
| Toolbox | an authoring program based on a book metaphor. |
| Alignment | alignment and relationship of elements in a pattern or grid |
| Symmetrical | elements of the design are centered or evenly divided horizontally and vertically on a page |
| Asymmetrical | off-center alignment created with an odd or mismatched number of elements |
| Radial | elements radiate from or swirl around in a circular or spiral path |
| Contrast | – the use of big and small elements, black and white text, squares, and circles |
| Proximity/unity | grouping of elements to demonstrate their relationship to each other |
| White space | negative or blank space |
| 7. Rule of Thirds, Visual Center, Grids | visually dividing the page into thirds vertically and/or horizontally and placing the most important elements within those thirds |
| Lines | used to organize information, simulate movement, lead the eyes, enhance a design |
| Shapes | used to enhance a publication and convey meaning |
| Mass | used to define size, space, and create an impact |
| Texture | used to convey a sense of feel |
| Color | used to evoke emotion and action; adds or detracts attention |
| Value | a subset of color; lightness or darkness of an object, regardless of color |
| i. Increase or decrease contrast | the greater the difference between an object and its background, the greater the contrast |
| Create movement | objects of the same value create a static design with all objects equal in visual importance |
| Lead the eye | by creating a pattern of dark to light values, even when the objects are equal in shape and size, it leads the eye in the direction of dark to light |
| Guides | non-printing lines that appear on a document in desktop publishing software during the design phase to assist the developer in placing objects |
| Margin guides | lines that indicate the space between the edge of the page and the document contents |
| Column guides | lines that control the flow of text within columns and keep text out of the gutter (space between columns) |
| Ruler guides | used to align objects |
| Grid | desktop publishing tool used to ensure consistent placement of logos, graphics, and other objects throughout multiple documents, such as a print media kit |
| Template | A standard pre-formatted layout which may contain a color scheme, font scheme, pictures, and preset margins |
| Page size | varies according to publication |
| Master page | includes items and formats common to every page; used to maintain layout consistency |
| Prototype | (also called mockup) an example of how the final document should appear |
| Format Considerations | selection of one or more document sizes and layouts for a project |
| Art | illustrations and photographs used to convey meaning and add appeal |
| Balloon | circle or bubble enclosing copy in an illustration; often used in cartoons |
| Bleed | a print effect in which layout, type, or pictures appear to run off the edge of a page |
| Caption | also called call-out, label used to identify parts of an illustration; can be in the form of a text box or a balloon |
| Dropped Cap | an enlarged character at the beginning of a paragraph; used to grab the reader’s attention |
| Running headlines/footers | running text at the top and/or bottom of a document |
| Jumpline | line at the end of a continuing article that tells readers which page to refer to for the rest of the article |
| Pull quote | a small section of text “pulled out and quoted” in a larger font size; used to draw attention |
| Rules | lines around articles or graphics used to direct the flow of a publication and organize its content |
| Side bar | A smaller self-contained story inside a larger one which may or may not be related, usually boxed with its own headline and set off from the main text |
| Text box | Container for text that can be placed and formatted randomly |
| Watermark | A semitransparent image in the background of printed material; may be text or object |
| End sign | a symbol, such as a wingding, that indicates the end of an article |
| Reverse text | dark background and light text; used for emphasis |
| Nameplate | banner on the front of a document that identifies the publication and usually includes the name of the publication, a logo, and a motto |
| masthead | contains the name of the publisher and may include staff names and other related information; usually appears on page 2 of the document |
| Headings and Subheadings | use font sizes and styles to differentiate between main and subheadings; use a consistent set for each |
| Kicker | words positioned above a headline, usually as a lead-in or teaser |
| Byline | name of author or contributor of photo or article, usually placed just below the headline or photo or at the end of the article |
| Deck | placed between a headline and an article to provide a segue between the headline and the body of the article |
| d. Running headlines and footers | headers and footers used to indicate dates, page numbers, running titles |
| Body | the bulk of the publication; articles and news items |
| Table of Contents | List of contents of a publication |
| Persistence of Vision | The way our eyes retain images for a split second longer than they actually appear, making a series of quick flashes appear as one continuous picture. |
| Frame-by-Frame Animation | A series of many frames that appears to be in continuous motion. |
| Vector Animation | The movement of animations defined by formulas. |
| 3-D Graphics | The field of computer graphics concerned with generating and displaying three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional space (e.g., the display screen). Whereas pixels in a 2-dimensional graphic have the properties of position, color, and brightness, a 3-D pixel adds a depth property that indicates where the point lies on an imaginary Z-axis |
| Rollovers | The look or action of a control with relation to mouse actions. The four common rollover states are Up, Over, Down, and Hit. |
| morphing | A technique in which one image is gradually turned into another, which is short for metamorphosing |
| stage | The part of the animation program window where the animator’s content is composed and manipulated. |
| frame | A single still image in a video animation. |
| keyframe | An intermediate frame in an animation sequence that blends so one frame appears to change into the next. |
| Timeline | The part of the animation program window that organizes and controls an animation’s content over time using layers and frames |
| Library | Store frequently used graphics, movie clips, and buttons |
| Playhead | The vertical red marker in the timeline that shows which frame is the current frame. |
| Scrub | Dragging the playhead across the timeline. |
| Tweening | An animation process that uses keyframes between two images |
| Compression | The process of reducing the space required to store data be efficiently encoding the content. |
| MP3 | A standard format for music files sent over the Internet that compresses music |
| WAV | The standard format for sound files on Windows PCs. |
| Executable | A program file that can run on your computer. |
| Plug-in | A hardware or software application that adds a specific feature to a computer |
| Quick Time | A cross-platform multimedia format that works on both Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh systems. |
| Bandwidth | The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time. |
| Streaming | A procedure for transmitting media files so they can start playing as soon as a PC begins receiving them, rather than waiting for the complete files to download first. |
| Streaming Rate | The rate in frames per second at which the movie can be downloaded. |
| Playback Rate | The rate in frames per second at which the movie plays. |
| Clipart | premade graphics that are available online and in many software packages; may be vector or raster |
| Photographs | raster images that contain millions of colors and realistic images |
| Art Work | computer created drawing or painting; may be raster or vector |
| Resolution | the amount of detail displayed in an image; the higher the resolution, the higher the level of detail |
| PPI | pixels per inch – number of pixels displayed (not contained) in an image |
| SPI | samples per inch – information about how to display a scanned, printed, or digital image |
| DPI | – dots per inch – dots of ink or toner in a printed image; the lower the DPI of a printer, the less detailed the image |
| LPI | lines per inch – printer resolution |
| Aspect Ratio | relationship of an object’s width to its height; image file size and the image print size should be compatible or information will be lost |
| Anti aliasing | smoothes the lines or transitions between neighboring colors and shapes in an image |
| Cloning | copying part of an image and placing it elsewhere |
| Cropping | removing a part of an image |
| Filters | used to apply special affects to an image |
| Gradients | filling an object/image with a smooth transition of colors |
| Layering | compiling multiple pictures or objects together into one image |
| Rotating | pivoting an object around its center point |
| Transparency | removing the background color of a raster image to allow the image to blend in with its background |
| Ascender | The part of a letter that extends above the baseline (such as l, h, and k). |
| Base font | The most common font that works with the printer |
| Baseline | The imaginary line on which typed text rests (parts of letters below or above the baseline are called ascenders and descenders). |
| Bleeding | Print that goes to the physical edge of a page. |
| Blending | A design effect created by varying shades that go from dark to light |
| Bullets | Symbols used to draw attention to certain text in a document. |
| Camera ready | Final copy of a document or artwork used by commercial printers to make the plate for printing multiple copies |
| Charts | A pictorial representation of data used to explain and enhance word processing documents |
| Color matching systems - | Sets of professionally designed colors that can be modified and used in a presentation. |
| Cropping | Trimming an image in order to make it fit in a publication or to make the image more powerful in a publication. |
| Dingbats | Small typographical ornaments used to accent text or to decorate designs |
| Desktop publishing program (DTP) | A program that allows you to manipulate text and graphics to create a variety of publication documents |
| Drop cap | A large capital letter at the beginning of a newspaper or magazine story (or used for decoration). |
| Em | A typographical unit of measure equal to the width of the capital letter M. |
| En | A typographical unit of measure to half an em |
| Facing pages | Pages in a publication that lie side by side on the computer screen (similar to those of an open book). |
| File formats | (examples) - ASCII, CAD, BMP, EPS, JIFF, PC Paintbrush, PIC, TIFF, GIF, JPG, AU, DOC. The format often is shown in the extension for the file name. |
| Gallery | Set of predefined graph options with sample data and types of graphics. |
| Graphic | A line, circle, or box which has been created or an image which is imported into a publication. |
| Greeking | - Text or that which serves as a placeholder until the real text replaces it (used when basic layout ideas are first shown). Also refers to lines that represent text when viewing a page layout. The text cannot be read. |
| Gutters | The space between columns in a publication. |
| Halftone | A method of producing grayscale art (especially to reproduce a photograph). |
| Headline | A large phrase appearing at the beginning of a newspaper article. |
| Kerning | Adjusting the horizontal space between characters in order to improve the readability or look of the text. (Example: Pulling the letters “w” and “o” closer together). |
| Masthead | Information printed in most periodicals, including newspapers, listing the names of the publication’s editorial staff members. |
| Orphan | Last line of a paragraph appearing at the top of a page or column by itself |
| Pasteboard | The work surface on the computer screen that surrounds the actual |
| Portrait | Page orientation (layout) that is taller than wide; vertical layout. |
| Proportional spacing | Character spacing based on the width of each character; the letter “I” takes up less space than the letter “M”. |
| Publication | - A page or collection of pages created by integrating text and graphics |
| Pull quotes | call outs) Phrases from an article that are enlarged and placed near the article to attract attention to the article. |
| Resolution | The sharpness of an image; a device’s ability to produce detail on the monitor or printout (also, the number of dots per inch a printer can produce). |
| Reverse type | Text appears in white on a black or color background |
| River | White space formed from lines of copy containing poorly spaced words (the space is shaped like a river). |
| Rule | A term for a line in graphic design |
| Sans serif | Typeface that does not contain serifs (curls |
| Scaling an image | Changing the size of an image. |
| SeVectorrif | Typeface containing curls to “pull” the eye across text as it is being read |
| Shading | The intensity of a color. |
| Side bar | A related story that appears within a larger article, usually boxed and sometimes shaded. |
| Specifications sheet | Formatting instructions for laying out a document. |
| Style sheet | A sheet that contains type specifications and format definitions for different categories of text in presentation graphics. |
| Tabloid | Paper size larger than legal—printout usually has to be done in overlapping |
| Thumbnails | - A tiny sketch of a brochure or flyer used by a designer to arrange layout of text and drawings in a publication. |
| TIFF | A file format used to store scanned images on disk--stands for Tagged Image File Format |
| TrueType font | Scalable fonts (capable of being changed in size and configuration). |
| Typeface | A set of characters with a common style and design. |
| Vector | A type of graphic composed of computer-defined graphic routines such as lines and arcs. Vector-based graphics are the highest quality graphics, capable of infinite scaling without loss of resolutions |
| White space | An area of empty space on a page used to aid the reader in reading the information |
| X-height | The first line of a paragraph appearing at the bottom of a page or a column by itself. |
| Leading | The measure of blank space between lines of text |
| List | An object that presents a body of text or menu from which one makes a selection. |
| Logo | A unique symbol designed to represent a “calling card” for a person, product, business, or organization. |
| Master pages | Pages in a publication whose contents will appear on every page of the publication. |
| Excel (spreadsheet) | .xls |
| Word (Word processor) | .doc |
| PowerPoint (Presentation) | .ppt |
| Access (Database) | .mdb |
| Clarisworks | .cwk |
| webpage editor | .html |
| Inspiration(Flowcharts/mindmaps)) | .ins |
| photo editor | .jpeg |
| Adobe Acrobat | .pdf |
| Microsoft Publisher | .pub |
