| A | B |
|---|
| Augustus | first Roman emperor; Julius Caesar's adopted son |
| Carthage | powerful ancient city-state located in North Africa |
| Caesar | title given to ancient Roman leaders; means "ruler" in Latin |
| Christian | a person who follows the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth |
| consuls | two patricians who lead the government of ancient Rome |
| Etruscan civilization | an ancient civilization located on the Italian peninsula to the north of Rome |
| Five Good Emperors | Roman emperors whose rule was considered effective: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Atoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius |
| Jesus | founder of Christianity |
| Julius Caesar | first leader of the Roman Republic |
| Latin | the language of ancient Rome |
| New Testament | a series of books in the Bible that describe the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth |
| patricians | the wealthy and powerful citizens of ancient Rome |
| Pax Romana | 200-year period of peace and prosperity in ancient Rome |
| plebians | the merchants, farmers, and artisians of ancient Rome |
| Punic Wars | three armed conflicts between ancient Rome and Carthage |
| republic | form of government in which the citizens vote for the leaders |
| Roman Colosseum | an amphitheater built in Rome between 70-80 A.D. |
| Romulus and Remus | the mythical founders of ancient Rome |
| tribune | a man who represented the plebians in the Rome Republic |
| provinces | land ruled by the Romans |
| Huns | Germanic tribes and Mongol people who invaded the Roman empire in the fifth century |
| Barbarians | what the Romans referred to the Huns and Germanic tribes as |
| Dicoletian | Roman emperor who divided the Roman empire into two sections in 290 A.D. |
| Constantine | Roman emperor who made the city of Constantinople the main Roman capital city |
| peninsula | body of land surrounded by water on three sides |
| pantomine | to express meaning through gestures |
| monarchy | form of government in which a king and his family are in charge of the country |
| tyranny | a country under a cruel government |
| pater familias | the father of the family |
| Jupiter | god of the sky, and Ruler of the gods, sign; the eagle |
| Saturn | son of Uranus and Gaea |
| Pluto | god of the underworld |
| Juno | goddess of women, and Queen of the gods |
| Mercury | god of speedy travel, god of omens, and Messenger of the gods |
| Mars | god of war |
| Venus | goddess of love |
| Vulcan | god of the forge, strong weapons |
| Apollo | god of light and music out the sun |
| Diana | goddess of the hunt, in charge of bringing out the moon |
| Ceres | goddess of agriculture |
| Vesta | goddess of home and health |
| Minerva | goddess of wisdom |
| Gaea | retired goddess of the earth |
| Neptune | god of the sea |
| Uranus | retired god of the sky |
| omen | an event that is a sign that something good or bad will happen |
| forum | meeting place in the center of a Roman city |
| S.P.Q.R. | Senatus Populusque Romanus' : Senate and the People of Rome |
| toga | Roman dress made of a white sheet nine yards long |
| atrium | the center of the Roman home which often had a hole in the roof to let rain water in |
| deities | a god or goddess |
| bulla | a special locket worn around a childs neck to ward of evil |
| adage | short sayings of wisdom |
| praetor | Roman judges |
| citizen assembly | Represented the pleblians voice in the Roman republic |
| Roman Legion | the Roman foot soldier |
| turtle formantion | a way of holding shields together to form a protective shell |
| eagle | the sign of the Roman army |
| continent | a continous expanse of land |
| aqueducts | a channel, usually in the form of a bridge that brought water to a town |
| Hanibal | leader of Carthage |
| Colosseum | a large stadium in Rome |
| Gladiator | a man trained to fight with weapons against others in the colosseum |
| Circus Maxims | a stadium used to host chariot races |
