| A | B |
|---|
| Acid | According to the Bronsted-Lowery definition, an acid is any substance that can donate a hydrogen ion. |
| Acid rain | Rainfall that is acidic, below 5.6 on the pH scale. |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion. |
| Atom | The fundamental unit of matter in the universe, made up of a nucleus of protons and neutrons and orbiting electrons. |
| Atomic numbers | The number of an element determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. |
| Base | According to the Bronsted-Lowery definition, a base is any substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. |
| Boyle, Robert (1627-1691) | English chemist, Boyle is often called the father of modern chemistry |
| Cation | Positively charged ion. |
| Chemical reaction | A change in the chemical composition of a substance |
| Conjugate acid-base pair | An acid and a base that differ by only one H+ion |
| Compounds | When valence electrons are lost, gained, or shared between different atoms to create substances with unique chemical properties. |
| Electrolytes | Substances that are good conductors of electricity |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of atoms |
| Positive ion | An ion that has fewer electrons than protons |
| Proton | Positively charged part of the nucleus of atoms |
| Strong acid | An acid with pH of between 0 and 4 |
| Strong base | A base with pH of between 10 and 14 |
| Weak acid | An acid with a pH of between 4 and 6 |
| Weak base | A base with pH of between 8 and 10 |
| Element | An atom with a unique number of protons |
| Hydrogen | Element with the atomic number1. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe |
| H+ion | A positive hydrogen ion composed of one proton. |
| Indicator paper | Paper that indicates whether a substance is an acid or a base. Litmus paper is a common type of indicator paper |
| Ion | Atoms with more electrons than protons or less electrons than protons |
| Ionic bonds | Two or more ions held together by the electrical attractions between them. |
| Litmus paper | A special type of paper that can determine if a solution is an acid or a base. An acid turns litmus paper red and a base turns it blue. |
| Matter | Material that makes up objects. Matter cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Molecules | When electrons are shared between atoms. Molecules are covalent bonds. |
| Negative ion | An ion that has more electrons than protons. |
| Neutral atom | When an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, it's electrical charges are balanced and the atom has a neutral electrical charge. |
| Neutral acid or base | A solution that has a pH of 7 and is both an acid and a base. Pure water H20 has a pH of exactly 7 |
| Neutralization | A process where acids and bases react so that the properties of both are lost to form water and a salt. |
| OH-ion | A hydroxide ion composed of an oxygen atom and a negative hydrogen ion |
| Periodic table | The arraignments of elements according to their atomic number. |
| pH scale | The potential hydrogen scale is a measurement of the concentration of the hydronium ion (H3o+) in solutions to indicate whether the solution is an acid or a base. |
