| A | B |
|---|
| adenoidectomy | surgical removal of the adenoids (mass of soft tissue behind the nasal cavity; made of lymphoid tissue; most disappear by adulthood) |
| adenoiditis | inflammation of the adenoids often from infection with bacteria or viruses |
| aphonia | complete loss of voice; results from disease, injury to the vocal cords, or psychological causes, or hysteria |
| coryza | rhinitis or the common cold |
| deviated septum | irregularity in the septum that results in nasal obstruction; the thin structure between the nares is not in the middle |
| epistaxis | nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nasal cavity usually due to rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum |
| hemotpysis | expectoration of blood or bloody sputum |
| hypertrophied turbinates | enlargements of the nasal concha that interfere with air passage and sinus drainage, and eventually lead to sinusitis |
| laryngitis | inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the larynx (the organ of voice) |
| laryngoscopy | endoscopic examination of the larynx (the organ of voice) |
| laryngospasm | sudden violent, involuntary muscular contraction of the laryngeal muscles, resulting in narrowing of the larynx |
| nasal polyps | grapelike growths of tissue that arise from the nasal mucous membranes |
| peritonsilalar abscess | infection that develops in the connective tissue between the capsule of the tonsil and the constrictor muscle of the pharynx |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the throat |
| polysomnography | test that monitors a client's respiratory and cardiac status while he or she is asleep to determine the nature of sleep apnea |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes; also referred to as coryza or the common cold |
| rhinorrhea | clear nasal discharge; could be leakage of cerebgrospinal fluid from the nose |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses (air-filled cavities surrounding the eyes and nose which supply resonance to the voice and lightening of the skull) |
| sleep apnea syndrome | phenomenon characterized by frequent, brief episodes of respiratory standstill during sleep |
| stridor | high-pitched, harsh sound during respiration, indicative of airway obstruction |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of the tonsils |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils (oval-shaped masses of glandular tissue located on both sides of the back of the throat) |
| tracheostomy | surgical opening into the trachea ( cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the left and right main bronchi) into which a tracheostomy or laryngectomy tube is inserted; may be temporary or permanent |
| tracheotomy | surgical procedure that makes an opening into the trachea (windpipe) |
| acute bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the major bronchi and their branches |
| asbestosis | fibrous inflammation or chronic induration of the lungs caused by the inhalation of asbestos (a silicate mineral used commercially for its sound absorption, strength, and resistance to fire) |
| asthma | reversible obstructive disease of the lower airway characterized by inflammation of the airway and a hyper-responsiveness of the airway to internal or external stimuli |
| atelectasis | disorder in which the alveoli collapse |
| bronchiectasis | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by chronic infection and irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles |
| chronic bronchitis | prolonged or extended inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by a chronic cough and excessive production of mucus for at least 3 months each year for two consecutive years |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | broad, nonspecific term that describes a group of pulmonary disorders with symptoms of chronic cough and expectoration, dyspnea, and impaired expiratory airflow |
| cystic fibrosis | multisystem disorder affecting infants, children, and young adults that results from a defective autosomal recessive gene; the genetic mutation causes dysfunction of the exocrine glands, involving the mucus-secreting and eccrine sweat glands |
| emphysema | chronic pulmonary disease characterized by abnormal distention of the alveoli |
| empyema | collection of pus in the pleural cavity |
| flail chest | disorder that occurs when two or more adjacent ribs fracture in multiple places and the fragments are free-floating; affects the stability of the chest wall and impairment of chest wall movement |
| influenaza | acute viral respiratory disease of relatively short duration |
| lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe of a lung |
| lung abscess | localized area of pus formation within the lung parenchyma |
| orthopnea | breathing that is eased by sitting upright |
| pleural effusion | collection of fluid between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura(lining of the lungs) |
| pneumonconiosis | fibrous inflammation of chronic induration of the lungs after prolonged exposure to dust or gases |
| pneumonectomy | surgical removal of an entire lung |
| pneumonia | inflammatory process affecting the bronchioles and alveoli |
| pneumothorax | air that enters the pleural space causing a lung to collapse |
| pulmonary contusion | crushing bruise of the lung |
| pulmonary edema | fluid accumulation in the interstitium and alveoli of the lungs, which interferes with gas exchange inthe alveoli |
| pulmonary embolism | thrombus that migrates to the pulmonary circulation |
| pulmonary hypertension | high pressure within pulmonary circulation |
| restrictive lung disease | decreased volume of the lungs with an inability to expand completely |
| segmental resection | surgical removal of a lobe segment of the lung |
| septicemia | condition resulting from microorganisms escaping the lympy nodes and reaching the bloodstream, which may lead to spesis |
| silicosis | fibrous inflammation or chronic induration of the lungs caused by the inhalation of silica (substance that is tough and hard and most commonly used as beads to absorb moisture) |
| subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in subcutaneous tissues |
| thoracotomy | surgical opening of the thorax |
| tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea (windpipe) |
| tracheobronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the trachea |
| tuberculosis | bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a bacterial microorganism); it is a potentially fatal contagious disease |
| wedge resection | surgical removal of a pie-shaped portion of diseased tissue from a lung |
