| A | B |
|---|
| organic compound | most compounds that contain carbon |
| hydrocarbon | organic compound that has only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| saturated hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon, such as methane, with only single bonds |
| unsaturated hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon, such as ethylene, with one or more double or triple bonds |
| isomers | compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures and different physical and chemical properties |
| hydroxyl group | consists of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom joined by a covalent bond; represented by the formula -OH |
| carboxyl group | consists of one carbon atom, two oxygen atoms, and one hydrogen atom; represented by the formula -COOH |
| amino group | consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms; represented by the formula -NH2 |
| amino acid | building blocks of proteins, contain both an amino group and a carboxyl acid group replacing hydrogens on the same carbon atom |
| polymer | large molecule made up of small repeating units linked by covalent bonds to form a long chain |
| monomers | small, organic molecules that link together to form polymers |
| polymerization | a chemical reaction in which monomers are bonded together |
| protein | biological polymer made up of amino acids; catalyzes many cell reactions and provides structural materials for many parts of the body |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; starches, cellulose, glycogen, sugars |
| sugars | carbohydrates containing carbon atoms arranged in a ring |
| starches | polymers of glucose monomers in which hundreds or thousands of glucose molecules are joined together |
| lipid | organic compound that contains the same elements as carbohydrates but in different proportions |
| cholesterol | a complex lipid that is present in foods that come from animals |
