| A | B |
|---|
| Mesopotamia | Tigris and Euphrates River (Fertile Crescent)Southwest Asia |
| ziggurat | temple to a city's chief god or goddess |
| Stylus | sharp tool used to write with |
| Fertile Crescent | area between the Tigris and Euphrates River: Cradle of Civilization |
| dynasty | leaders chosen by family lines |
| cuneiform | clay tablets upon which Sumerians wrote |
| Hammurabi | wrote set of laws called Hammurabi's Code |
| Abraham | traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation |
| monotheism | worship of one God |
| barter | exchanging goods and services |
| monarchies | Rulers who come to power through birth |
| pyramids | built as burial resting places for rulers and important Egyptians |
| pharaoh | title of the Egyptian Kings |
| Empire | the area controlled by one ruler |
| polytheism | worship of many gods |
| Alphabet | invented by the Phoenician traders |
| hieroglyphics | a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians |
| Mandate of Heaven | Chinese idea of the divine right to rule |
| Sumer | cuneiform; Fertile Crescent civilization |
| silt | rich soil deposited after flooding |
| city-state | center of government and its surrounding area |
| papyrus | Egyptian paper made from reeds |
| Nubia | Early African Kingdom/Kush |
| codify | arrange and set in writing |
| specialization | to produce only a certain good |
| Torah | Jewish Holy Book |
| Ten Commandments | written law code |
| Diaspora | forced scattering of the Jews |
| Exile | banished people |
| pictograms | earliest written symbols |
| Egyptian Civilization | Nile River Valley and delta: Africa |
| Indian Civilization | Indus River Valley: South Asia |
| Chinese Civilization | Huang He Valley : East Asia |
| Locations importance | fertile soil, protection from invation |
| Hebrew civilization | Jordan River Valley: Southeast Asia |
| Phoenician Civilization | Mediterranean coast: Southeast Asia |
| Nubia | upper Nile (souther) Africa |
| Social Pattern | Hereditary rulers, rigid class system, slavery |
| Political Patterns | city states, centralized gov't, written law codes |
| Economic Patterns | metal, farming surplus, trade, cities,slavery |
| Increasing agricultural surplus | better tools, plows, irrigation |
| Phoenicians | TRADERS |
