| A | B |
|---|
| imperialism | a political system in which one country rules a lot of other countries |
| racism | the belief that different races of people have different characters and abilities, and that your own race is the best. unfair treatment of people, or violence against them, because they belong to a different race from your own. |
| assimilation | the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group |
| paternalism | when people in charge of an organization or society protect the members and give them what they need but do not allow them any freedom or responsibility. like a father dealing with his children. |
| protectorate | a country that is protected and controlled by a more powerful country |
| sphere of influence | any area in which one nation wields dominant power over another or others |
| Suez Canal | a canal in Suez, which links the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea |
| Sepoy | in India a native soldier, usually an infantryman, in the service of Europeans, especially of the British. |
| mutiny | when soldiers, sailors, etc refuse to obey the person who is in charge of them (their officers), and try to take control for themselves |
| annex | to take control of a country or area next to your own, especially by using force |
| trade surplus | the amount by which the value of the goods that a country sells to other countries is more than the value of the goods it buys from them |
| trade deficit | the amount by which the value of what a country buys from abroad is more than the value of what it sells |
| Open Door Policy | the principle of allowing people and goods to move into a country freely |
| Boxer Rebellion/Uprising | an unsuccessful uprising, 1898–1900 (Boxer Rebellion) principally against foreigners, culminating in a siege of foreign legations in Peking that was put down by an international expeditionary force. |
| Social Darwinism | a 19th-century theory, inspired by Darwinism, by which the social order is accounted as the product of natural selection of those persons best suited to existing living conditions and in accord with which a position of laissez-faire is advocated |
| colonialism | when a powerful country rules a weaker one, and establishes its own trade and society there |
