| A | B |
|---|
| mutation | a permanent change in DNA |
| point | a base change in DNA |
| missense | produces a different amino acid than the original |
| nonsense | produces a stop codon where an amino acid used to be |
| silent | a point mutation that uses a different code, but produces the same amino acid |
| frame-shift | an insertion or deletion that changes the reading frame |
| deletion | a frame shift that results from the removal of one or more nucleotides |
| insertion | a frame shift that results from adding one or more nucleotides |
| inversion | flipping a section of DNA |
| translocation | when pieces of homologous chromosomes exchange places |
| nondisjunction | when a spindle fiber fails to separate chromosomes. results in too few or too many chromosomes in a gamete |
| monosomy | a condition wherein a chromosome has no homologue |
| trisomy | a condition where an extra homologue is present |
| mutagen | something that can cause mutations in DNA |
