| A | B |
|---|
| abdominoperineal resection | surgical procedure involving wide excision of the rectum and the creation of a sigmoid colostomy |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendage of the cecum |
| appendicitis | inflammation of a narrow, blind protrusion located at the tip of the cecum in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen |
| colectomy | partial or complete surgical removal of the colon |
| Crohn's disease | chronic inflammatory bowel condition that can occur in any portion of the GI tract but predominantly affects the terminal portion of the ileum |
| diverticula | sac or pouch caused by herniation of the mucosa through a weakened portion of the muscular coat of the intestine or other structure |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of a herniated sac or pouch of the mucosa of the intestine or other structure |
| diverticulosis | asymptomatic sac or pouch created by the herniation of the mucosa of the intestine or other structure |
| encopresis | involuntary passage of liquid stool aroung an obstructive mass of stool |
| fissure | tear in tissue |
| fistula | channel from an organ to the surface of the body or from one organ to another |
| fistulectomy | surgical procedure in which a fistulous tract is excised |
| fistulotomy | surgical procedure involving incision of a fistula |
| fulminant colitis | a progression of severity of ulcerations associated with ulcerative colitis with severe pain, copious diarrhea, and potential dehydration and shock |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of dilated veins outside or inside the anal sphincter |
| hemorrhoids | dilated veins outside or inside the anal sphincter |
| hernia | protrusion of any organ from the cavity that normally confines it; most commonly used to describe the protrusion of the intestine through a defect in the abdominal wall |
| hernioplasty | surgical procedure in which the weakened area of a hernia is reinforced with wire, fascia, or mesh to prevent recurrence |
| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of a protrusion of any organ from the cavity that normally confines it |
| inflammatory bowel disease | group of chronic illnesses characterized by exacerbations and remissions of inflammation and ulceration of the bowel lining |
| irritable bowel syndrome | paroxsymal motility syndrome primarily affecting the colon, in which the client experiences alternating periods of constipation and diarrhea |
| intussusception | telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part |
| melena | black, tarry stools |
| pancolitis | ulcerative colitis that affects the client's entire colon |
| paralytic ileus | disorder in which the intestine becomes adynamic from an absence of normal nerve stimulation to intestinal muscle fibers |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the serous sac lining the abdominal cavity |
| pilonidal sinus | infection in the hair follicles in the sacrococcygeal area above the anus |
| segmental resection | surgical procedure in which the cancerous portion of a colon is removed and the remaining portions of the GI tract are rejoined to restore normal intestinal continuity |
| short bowel syndrome | loss of absorptive surface resulting from the surgical removal of a lartge amount of intestine |
| skip lesions | randomly occurring inflamed areas of the bowel alternating with healthy tissue |
| tenesmus | urgent desire to evacuate the bowel |
| toxic megacolon | complication in which the colon dilates and becomes atonic and vulnerable to perforation |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory condition of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon |
| ulcerative proctitis | chronic inflammation of the most distal area of the large intestine |
| volvulus | kinking of a portion of the intestine |
