| A | B |
|---|
| Andrea Vesalius | collected and studied dead bodies, started anatomy |
| william harvey | described blood circulation, showed that blood was pumped through the vessels and returned to the heart, created the experimental method |
| Anton van Leewenhoek | Made a better microscope, discovered protozoa, started microbiology |
| Edward Jenner | developed a smallpox vaccine. Took a chance with 8 year old James Phipps. Started the science of immunology |
| Robert Koch | was the first to grow bacteria in the lab, found that bacteria caused disease, established the science of cell pathology |
| George Washington Carver | Researched peanuts + sweet potatoes, discovered 300 + products that could be made from peanuts, discovered 100 + products that could be made from sweet potatoes, |
| Jean van Helmont | Pro spontaneous generation. Mice with box trick |
| Francesco redi | Anti spontaneous generation. Set up fly jar experiment |
| John Needham | Tried to prove spontaneous generation. Boiled broth in flask with cork, said it destroyed everything in the broth |
| Lazzaro Spallanzaui | Spallanzani was a Catholic who researched the theory about the spontaneous generation of cellular life in 1768. His experiment suggested that microbes move through the air and that they could be killed through boiling. Critics of Spallazani's work argued his experiments destroyed the "life force" that was required for spontaneous generation to occur. His work paved the way for later research by Louis Pasteur, who defeated the theory of spontaneous generation. |
| Louis Pasteur | demonstrated that fermentation is caused by the growth of micro-organisms, and the emergent growth of bacteria in nutrient broths is due not to spontaneous generation,[2] but rather to biogenesis (Omne vivum ex vivo "all life is from life"). Bottle en col de cygne (swan neck duct) used He exposed boiled broths to air in vessels that contained a filter to prevent all particles from passing through to the growth medium, and even in vessels with no filter at all, with air being admitted via a long tortuous tube that would not allow dust particles to pass. Nothing grew in the broths unless the flasks were broken open, showing that the living organisms that grew in such broths came from outside, as spores on dust, rather than spontaneously generated within the broth. This was one of the last and most important experiments disproving the theory of spontaneous generation. The experiment also supported germ theory.[2] |
| Democritus | atoms are indestructible; have always been, and always will be, in motion; that there are an infinite number of atoms, and kinds of atoms, which differ in shape, and size. |
| Aristotle | made observations of natural world |
| Watson and Crick | determine structure of DNA |
| Ernest Haeckel | made word ecology |
| Robert Hooke | coined the term cell for describing biological organisms, the term being suggested by the resemblance of plant cells to monks' cells. The hand-crafted, leather and gold-tooled microscope he used to make the observations for Micrographia, originally constructed by Christopher White in London, is on display at the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington, DC. |
| Matthias Schleiden | all plants made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | All animals made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | new cells could be produced only from division of existing cells |
| Van Helmont | trees gain mass from water |
| Joseph Priestley | plant releases oxygen |
| Ingenhousz | Plants need sunlight to produce oxygen |
| Mayer | plants convert light into chemical energy |
| Melvin Calvin | fould the chemical path that carbon follows to form glucose |
| Rudolph Marcus | Electron transport chain |
| Hans Kreb | kreb cycle |
| Tim Hunt and Mark Kirschner | mitosis |
| Mendel | demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns |
| Morgan | Fruit flies. |
| Frederick Griffith | transformation of bacteria |
| Avery | discovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next. Genes are composed of DNA |
| Hershey and Chase | concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein |
| Watson and Crick | found that DNA was a double helix |
| Pauling and Corey | determined that the structure of a class of proteins is a helix |
| Rosalind Franklin | studied DNA molecule using Xray diffraction |
| Sydney Brenner | showed the existence of mRNA |
| Erwin Chargaff | discovered bases were almost equal |
| Walter Gilbert | developed methods to read DNA |
| Ian Wilmut | cloned sheep |
| Francis Collins and Craig Venter | Human Genome Project |
