| A | B |
|---|
| Intentionally | with purpose. |
| Intentional Torts | actions taken deliberately to harm another person and/or his or her property; intentional wrong. |
| Compensatory Damages | in a civil case, money the court requires a defendant to pay a winning plaintiff to make up for harm caused. This harm can be financial (for example, lost wages, medical expenses, etc.), physical (for example, past, present, and future pain and suffering), and, in some jurisdiction, emotional (fright and shock, anxiety, etc.). |
| Nominal damages | a token amount of money awarded by a court to a plaintiff to show that the claim was justified, even if the plaintiff is unable to prove economic harm. |
| Punitive damages | awards in excess of the proven economic loss. In a tort action, they are awarded to the plaintiff to punish the defendant and to warn others not to engage in such conduct. |
| Battery | any intentional, unlawful physical contact inflicted on one person by another without consent. In some states, this is combined with assault. |
| Assault | an intentional threat, show of force, or movement that causes a reasonable fear of, or an actual physical contact with, another person. Can be a crime or a tort. |
| Infliction of emotional distress | a tort in which a defendant purposely engages in an action that causes extreme emotional harm to the plaintiff. |
| False imprisonment | the intentional or wrongful confinement of another person against his or her will. |
| Defamation | written or spoken expression about a person that is false and damages that person's reputation. |
| Slander | spoken expression about a person that is false and damages that person's reputation. |
| Libel | a written expression about a person that is false and damages that person's reputation. |
| Real property | land and all items attached to it, such as houses, crops, and fences. |
| Personal property | property or belongings that can be moved, such as cars, clothing, furniture, and appliances. |
| Intellectual property | a person's idea or invention that is given special ownership protections. |
| Nuisance | an unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of one's property, usually repeated or continued for prolonged periods of time. |
| Injunction | a court order requiring a person to do, or refrain from doing, a particular act. |
| Conversion | in tort law, the taking or controlling or another's property without consent. If the property is not returned to the rightful owner, the court can force the defendant to five the plaintiff the monetary value of the property. |
| Patent | federal protection for an invention or design, giving the inventor exclusive ownership rights for a period of time. |
| Copyright | the protection of a creative fixed expression giving the owner exclusive rights to the expression (for example, Matt Groening has exclusive rights to the Simpsons cartoon characters). |
| Infringement | the illegal use of someone's intellectual property such as a copyright, patent, or trademark. |
| Novel | truly new or unique. |
| Monopoly | exclusive ownership or possession. |
| Derivative works | works that are very similar to but slightly different from a copyrighted work |
| First sale | the first purchaser of a piece of copyrighted material may legally resell that particular copy of the protected work |
| Fair Use | a clause of the copyright statute that allows limited reproduction of a copyrighted work for noncommercial purposes |
| Consent | written, spoken, or assumed agreement to something |
| Privilege | [1] an advantage, right to preferential treatment, or excuse from a duty others must perform; [2] a right that cannot be taken away; [3] the right to speak or write personally damaging words because the law specially allows it; [4] the right and the duty to withhold information from others because of some special status or relationship or confidentiality. These privileges include husband-wife, doctor-patient, and attorney-client. |
| Self-defense | the right to defend oneself with whatever force is reasonably necessary against an actual or reasonable perceived threat of personal harm |
| Defense of property | the use of reasonable force, which would otherwise be illegal, to defend your home or other property |
