| A | B |
|---|
| Convergent Traits | Similar body shapes not from common ancestry |
| Mutation | error in the process of copying DNA |
| Examples of homologous structures | Human arm, Whale leg, Bat arm, monkey arm |
| Homology | similarities species have that are from a common ancestor |
| Vestigial structures | remnants of organs that once helped ancestors, but are no longer useful |
| Mutations lead to evolution when... | the mutation gives the organism an advantage to survive longer |
| Embryology | Comparing very close similarities in the early developmental stages of related species |
| Cytosine pairs with this base in DNA | Guanine |
| Thymine pairs with this base in DNA | Adenine |
| examples of convergent structures | fins of a shark and a dolphin; protruding eyes of an alligator and frog |
| Vestigial structure in a whale | tiny hip and leg bones |
| Transitional fossil | shows the intermediate states between an ancestral form and that of its descendants |
| Biogeography | The study of where organisms live now and where they lived in the past |
