| A | B |
|---|
| What are the three functions of the nervous system? | Sensory, Motor, and Integrative |
| What are the two major parts of the nervous system? | Central and Peripheral nervous system |
| Central nervous system is... | Brain and Spinal Chord |
| Peripheral nervous system has two major sub-parts they are... | Somatic and Autonomic nervous system |
| Which sub-part of the peripheral nervous system is voluntary? | Somatic |
| Auntonomic is synonymous with the word | Automatic |
| What are the two major parts of the Autonomic Nervous system? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic N.S |
| Which part of the autonomic nervous system keeps you in homeostasis? | Parasympathetic |
| What is homeostasis? | Staying the same internally |
| If you are in grave physical or mental danger which part of the nervous system kicks in? | Sympathetic nervous system and fight or flight behavior |
| What are the two types of nervous tissue | Neurons and neuroglial cells |
| What type of nervous tissue cell only sends signals? | neurons |
| What type of nervous tissue cell supports and holds the nerves together? | Neuroglial cells, nerve "glue" |
| What part of the nerve receives signals? | Dendrites |
| What part of the nerve keeps it running | Cell body with its nucleus |
| Can a nerve go through mitosis? | No, it is stuck in G0 and can not reproduce. You loose it it's gone. You feel no more at that spot. |
| What part of the nerve sends the message to another receptor (nerve, muscle, target cell) | Axon |
| Neuroglial cell called a Schwann cell makes | Myelin |
| Fatty substance called Myelin coats most of the fast axons except at these points... | Node of Ranvier |
| Three main types of nerves | Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar |
| Unipolar | Nucleus is off to the side. Commonly found in ganglia |
| Bipolar | Nucleus is in the middle. Commonly found in the eye, nose, and ears |
| Multipolar | Nucleus is within the dendrites. Commonly used in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Neuroglial cell called Astrocyte does what? | Supports and develops brain, mainatains memory, helps maintain blood-brain barrier |
| Neuroglial cell called Microglial cell does what? | Phagocytizes invaders and broken cell parts. |
| Phagocytize means | To eat with lysosomes. |
| Myelinated nerve cells can send signals at ___ those without mylen send signals around _________. | 120 m/s .......5 m/s (m/s= meters per second) |
| How do nerves communicate with each other and neighboring cells? | Neurotransmitters |
| How do nerves send signals? | Electrical...(makes you realize why getting electrocuted is so bad) |
| What depolarizes the nerve when the signal arrives? | Na+ |
| What re-polarizes the nerve? | K+ |
| What is the active transport pump called that helps re-establish the resting potential? | Sodium (Na+)/ Potassium (K+) pump |
| How fast is an action potential? | 1/1000 of a second |
| A nerve at resting potential has _________ charge inside and _________ charge outside the nerve | negative (K+ is inside)..................Positive outside (Na+ outside) |
| The sodium potassium is an active transport system. All active transport systems use | Energy in the form of ATP |
| All or none respone means | Nerve either fires or it doesn't...there is no half way |
| What element is needed for neurotransmitters to be released? | Ca+ (calcium) |
| When Ca+ enters the terminal end of the axon synaptic vesicles fuse to the membrane and release.... | Neurotransmitters such as dopamine. |
| Neurotransmitters do one of two things in the synaptic cleft... they are | decompose or refill the vesicle |
| What is they synaptic cleft? | The space between the axon of one nerve and the dendrite of another |
| The signaling neuron is called the _____________ the receiving neuron is called the ______________. | Presynaptic neuron (before the gap)..... Postsynaptic neuron (after the gap) |
| If an action potential can't be reached.... | No nerve signal can be sent |
| The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine is used to... | Move muscles |
| The neurotransmitter Epinephrine is used to... | Fight or flight it is adrenaline |
| The neurotransmitter Norepinephrine is used to... | Fight or flight helper similar to epinephrine but does not effect the heart |
| The neurotransmitter Dopamine is used to... | Brain function...happiness, mental muscle control, sanity |
| What diseases are attributed to incorrect Dopamine levels? | Schizophrenia, Parkinsons (too low), Huntingtons (too high), Restless leg syndrom |
| The neurotransmitter Seratonin is used to... | Supress Pain |
| How does a reflex work... | Stimulus...sensory neuron...interneuron...motor neuron...effector ...response |
| can a reflex be controlled? | No, but not all the reflexes you have now are the same ones you had as a baby. |
| Anesthesiologists use reflexes to... | test to see if a nerve signal is properly blocked |
| Reflexes in the lower body do not have a(n)... | interneuron |
| Naked nerve endings feel | Pain |
| Meissner's corpuscles feel | Touch |
| Pacinian Corpuscles | Deep touch |
| Mirror Neruons | Allow us to read and interpret others emotions |
| Autism may be caused by some form of broken... | Mirror neurons |
| Epithalamus | Originates CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) |
| Thalamus | Relay station for pleasant and unpleasant emotion |
| Hypothalalmus | Regulates homeostasis, temp, thirst, metabolism, basic drives, and autonomic N.S. |
| Where is the pituitary gland | In the diencephalon, master hormone regulator |
| What causes addiction? | Lymbic system, amygdala |
| Concussion | dizzy loss of short term memory. Permanently damages brain |
| Contusion | Tissue destruction and comma |
| Strokes are also called | CUA's |
| Strokes are the 3rd leading cause of death and can be reversed if... | Treated withing the first 24 hours, and is caused by a throbosis |
| Alzheimers disease | memory loss, dementia, aggression. Neuroglia cells die causing sulci and gyri to separate and deepen. |
| Hydrocephalus | Too much CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) cerebral vetricles become enlarged. Brain tissue is compressed and destroyed |
| Dyslexia | blood vessels of the brain form abnormally |
| Mirror neurons | Connect and empathizes with others. |
