| A | B |
|---|
| patron | A wealthy person who pays artists and writers to produce their work. |
| monarchs | Royal rulers such as a queen or king. |
| telescope | An instrument that uses glass lenses to make distant objects appear nearer or larger. |
| perspective | The difference in the way things look when they are close to a person and when they are far away. |
| heir | One who inherits possessions or social position following someone's death. |
| gravity | The force that holds objects to the Earth and keeps planets circling the sun. |
| Shakespeare | England's most famous playwright, whose plays are still popular today. |
| humanism | A movement to make religion more relevant to the needs of ordinary people. |
| heliocentric | Having the sun as the center. |
| Reformation | The religious movement that began in 16th century Europe as an attempt to change the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the founding of Protestantism. |
| nationalism | A feeling of loyalty and devlotion to one's country. |
| mercenaries | Soldiers who fight for pay, not out of loyalty or for a cause. |
| Martin Luther | A priest whose ideas were instrumental in starting the Reformation. |
| parliament | The governing body that makes England's laws. |
| Bill of Rights | This document limited the power of the British monarchy. |
| printing press | A machine used in printing. |
| alliance | Agreements between countries, states, or people. |
| Gutenberg | A German who invented the printing press. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | He was called the "Renaissance Man" and painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. |
| moveable type | Small pieces of metal used in printing. The pieces contain letters that can be moved around to print different words. |
| Michelangelo | This sculptor, painter, and architect is famous for his statue of David, designing the dome of St. Peter's Church, and painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. |
| Joan of Arc | A woman from France who felt that God wanted her to fight in the Hundred Year's War for her country. She was later declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. |
| absolute monarchy | A system of government in which a king or queen has complete power to govern. |
| Copernicus | A Polish scientist who thought the Earth traveled around the sun. |
| heresy | A crime denying the beliefs of the Church. |
| Newton | An English scholar who proved the theory of gravity. |
| Renaissance | A period of reawakening interest in the arts, literature, science, and ideas between 1400 and 1600. A French word meaning "rebirth." |
| Galileo | An Italian scientist who improved the telescope. |
| constitutional monarchy | A system of government in which the ruler's power is limited by the laws of the land. |
| scaffold | The framework that Michelangelo laid upon to complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. |
| thesis | A statement or idea that can be defended in a discussion. |
