| A | B |
|---|
| genes | segments of DNA that control the production of proteins |
| carrier | an individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder |
| pedigree | a diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations |
| gamete | a mature sex cell (sperm or egg) with a haploid number of chromosomes |
| incomplete dominance | the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes |
| codominance | both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition |
| multiple alleles | having more than two alleles for a specific trait |
| epistasis | interaction between alleles in which one allele hides the effects of another allele |
| sex chromosome | X or Y chromosome; paired determine an individuals gender |
| autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| sex-linked trait | traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosome |
| polygenic trait | traits that arise from the interaction of multiple pairs of genes |
| mitosis | a process in the nucleus of a dividing cell, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| karyotype | pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph |
| telomere | chromosomes ened in protective capse |
| nondisjunction | cell division during which sister chromatids fail to separate properly |
